Terms are used loosely... my guess is a central chiller is one that gets cooled by a cooling loop to the cooling tower/drycooler. A remote chiller would be outside and has its own air-water-cooled condenser and doesn't have a cooling tower water loop.
I'm going to guess that you have a multi-building campus (you didn't describe the facility). A centralized chiller plant would provide cooling water for all the buildings. Remote chillers would be located within each building. It simply describes how the chillers are located on the loop.
Best to you,
Goober Dave
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