I have recently wrapped up involvement on a team going through and revising the engineering group career ladder. The purpose of it is to show advancement paths (technical, managerial etc.) and identify the skills required for each position. This allows the employee to determine what skills may be needed to be eligible for advancement and it allows identification of qualified candidates if needed for succession. We might try to work a mentoring program as well but at the time it was determined to be outside the immediate scope of the project.
In an ironic counter point, just prior to this project I picked up additional support responsibilities on several product lines because of the loss of their engineers. Unfortunately I have to go in "cold" as there was no knowledge base retained. My advantage is that those lines are relatively mature products with experienced operators.
While this ladder does not cover every position and means of advancement within the company it is a good start in covering one of the more critical areas of the business. At the company my brother works for now, one of the first things that got handed to him (within the front of his employee's handbook) was the career ladder documentation going completely up to the top levels.
To the Tick,
I hope the disruptions caused by the incapacitation of your senior engineer can be minimzed and that he/she makes a speedy recovery.
Regards