Suggestions to jOmega (Electrical) Oct 26, 2003 marked ///\\\
Need to be very careful in the useage of your first reference as it is very outdated; it appears author used research material from a bygone era; i.e., 20-25 years ago when six-step technology was state-of-the-art.
///No specific preferences were posted in the original posting. If you are seeking the state-of-the-art, you should state so.\\Today's PWM using sinecoded, Voltage Vector, Space Vector technology have a much more motor-friendly output waveform with reduced harmonics introduced into the motor. If you were to compare the waveform of Fig. 2 in Ernesto Wiedenbrug's article, with a PWM waveform of the type referenced herein, you would see that the current waveform resulting from today's technology is very nearly sinusoidal with extremely low harmonics.
///Agree. They are also more expensive. Also, I see that VFD manufacturers are reluctant to provide VFD output waveforms, e.g. a snapshot of the oscilloscope screen.\\ Some testing with a VVC scheme showed that the harmonics were very low and that heat rise over pure sinusoidal was less than 5% worst case.
///Agree. However, the very recent VFD output waveform from larger VFD manufacturer exhibited visible VFD output waveform distortion. Since no specific references are provided or links posted, one has to go by what is available from a VFD manufacturer per standard off the shelf VFD product. Visit
for more uptodate link.\\
What my colleague is looking for is a paper that compares the life of a motor operated DOL on sinewave power for some fininte period time as opposed to a motor in the same application for the same period of operating time, operated on VFD power.
///Since there are various VFD output waveform qualities, the requirement needs to be narrowed down to a specific VFD topology and perhaphs to a specific manufacturer.\\