An ACI standard really does not have any effect or power until it is either adopted by a code or specifier.
A code can adopt just a portion of a standard, but that usually requires a great deal of research or a local condition is over-riding.
The same applies to ASTM standards, but on a different scale. It could be possible for a code to adopt an ASTM standard with some noted exceptions, but not too many codes would get into the situation and liability of modifying an existing material or testing standard. A code can adopt a specific version of ASTM standards since they are modified annually in most cases.