Wall mounted anchor through solid brick masonry

Will this be in the US? If so, ACI 530 is a good resource. If you have the f'm of the masonry, you can use the equations in the code to check bending and shear in the wall due to the applied load(s). Then you can check bearing on the back side of the wall due to the plate/channel.

As for the deterioration, that's not unique to masonry. For unreinforced, solid brick masonry the keys are mortar soundness (and compatibility of repair materials) and face shell integrity. Once the mortar deteriorates, it has to be repointed with a compatible material. Using Portland based mortars, for instance, can destroy a historic wall with lime mortars at the center due to trapped moisture and expansion during freezing. Similarly, a damaged face shell can expose softer clays within the brick to further degradation. For example, I once lived in a house with veneer made from recycled structural brick out of several historic structures. Most of them were great, but mixed in there were light orange bricks that, once the outer shell was cracked, turned to powder after a few rain storms.