Expanded Tunnel Linings

Most of the expanded tunnel linings in the UK have been manufactured by Charcon or by Buchan. I suggest you look at these two compnies and speak with their technical departments as they will have lists of all of the contracts in the UK which have expanded linings produced by their respective companies. We have constructed a number of tunnels using expanded linings, but all in London Clay as this material lends itself to the construction of expanded or wedge block linings.

I would doubt that many have been constructed in sands and gravels to be honest.

Regards Andy Machon

Thanks for the kind reply...

I have found a Patent in the USA form early 30's. An Engineer named A W Warner has developed a wegde block lining system and this system was used in many tunnels.(H.J. Donovan's article in the February 1974 example of Tunnels&Tunneling).

Expanded concrete linings are being used in Munich Aqueduct tunnel, but they are not very successful.(Sand + Gravel).

Charcon did not answer my email...