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Recent content by 111R

  1. 111R

    Circuit Board in Heatsink Embedded in Gray Rubber Material?

    I'm working on a brushless DC motor controller. The heat sink that contains the circuit board is completely embedded in a gray rubber type substance. It seems like it must have been filled with this as a liquid. Any ideas on how to remove this material without destroying components on the...
  2. 111R

    Transformer Inrush Curves

    Thanks, that helps!
  3. 111R

    Transformer Inrush Curves

    Thank you. For clarity, I'm only looking at the inrush seen in an unloaded transformer (not a loaded transformer with a lack of load diversity upon energization). Will the magnetization inrush ever stretch out to the 10+ second time range?
  4. 111R

    Transformer Inrush Curves

    I typically see transformer inrush plotted as a per unit value of normal transformer FLA current on a phase TCC at a specific point, such as 0.1 seconds. I have also come across transformer inrush current curves. So, the inrush may be plotted as 10 per unit FLA at 0.1 seconds and 2 per unit FLA...
  5. 111R

    Intuitive Explanation for Window CT

    As current flows through a bus that has a window CT wrapped around it, it's stepped down by the CT ratio. 100 A through a 100:5 ratio window CT results in 5 A secondary. If 5 A of current is applied through the secondary winding of the CT, does this cause 100 A of current to flow through the...
  6. 111R

    High Impedance Bus Zone Protection understanding

    Yes, I agree that it appears that way. I should've added symbols to represent the secondary resistance causing this voltage drop.
  7. 111R

    High Impedance Bus Zone Protection understanding

    See attached example. If both CTs are accurately representing the fault current and have similar specs and secondary wiring, there will be no current flowing through the high impedance element and no voltage across it. Since both CTs are producing the same output at opposite polarities and have...
  8. 111R

    LOP on/off?

    The change in zero sequence current magnitude would still rule out LOP.
  9. 111R

    LOP on/off?

    The logic rules out LOP even with a minor change in current (>2%). It also analyzes other characteristics such as sequence component magnitudes and angles.
  10. 111R

    Stand-Alone Relaying CTs for Use With Circuit Switchers

    cranky108 - that is correct. The desire is to use circuit switchers with pre-insertion resistors for cap banks rather than expensive sync close breakers, but also have the ability to trip the individual switchers based on input from relaying class CTs.
  11. 111R

    Stand-Alone Relaying CTs for Use With Circuit Switchers

    I'm looking for model recommendations (commonly available in USA) for stand-alone relaying CTs (C400 or higher) that can be used for protection applications with circuit switchers. Circuit switcher manufacturers never seem to provide slip on CTs as an option similar to circuit breakers. Combo...
  12. 111R

    Symmetrical Components - Fault Between Two Transmission Lines

    I'm not having any luck finding a symmetrical component example for a fault between two separate transmission lines. I'm attempting to analyze a fault that occurred between a 69 kV and 138 kV line that share the same tower. One phase on the 69 kV line came into contact with a different phase on...
  13. 111R

    REF Protection Offer Any Benefits Over 87T?

    Is there any benefit to implementing REF protection on a transformer that is already protected by 87T protection using CTs on the high and low side bushings? I can see the ability to isolate an internal fault to the wye winding, but I don't know if there's any other benefit or if it's just...
  14. 111R

    Mis-Wired Apartment Circuit

    I live in a fairly small apartment on the 1st floor of a building. The HVAC system rarely needs to run due to the insulation provided by units above and around it. The kWh usage has always seemed high compared to similar dwellings in the past, but I unfortunately never investigated further. I...
  15. 111R

    PMU for Event Analysis

    OK, I think that's where I'm confused. I wasn't sure if the 60 samples/second was a sample rate or a rate at which data blocks (with multiple samples within) were sent.

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