You can get ultrasonic thickness testers. My company has one and it works reasonably well.
https://www.starrett.com/products/precision-measuring-tools/thickness-testers-and-accessories/thickness-testers
I read some of your other topic but not in great detail.
Is this correct? To me, the definition of "pure compression" is when the column is loaded through its centroid (i.e. zero moment).
I agree with Just Some Nerd that that particular clause in the code is meant to apply to industrial warehouse type buildings with tilt-up precast walls.
Why is that? I have been told by a competent welder that galvanizing doesn't need to be removed, similar to what Lex said above. What is different about stud gun welding?
The deflection limit should reflect the specific situation. What I mean by that is that if there is a historic building close to the wall then you probably should aim for the 1" limit. Similar if there are services located in the ground adjacent to the wall.
It it is just a backyard then maybe...
Because the area of reinforcement is probably only a few percent of the total area of the column, deducting the area of the reinforcement will make little difference to the answer.