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No top reinforcement required in spread footing with downward load only in Australian region over here. For the latest insights into the art of Structural Engineering www.sheerforceeng.com

I generally see a bottom mat of reinforcement in a PT slab on the following occasions: - High degree of crack control required - Heavily loaded slab or transfer slab - suspended basement slab (restrained on most/all edges by stiff basement walls) - Engineer throws it in "just because" For...

17MPa is a good lower bound assumption, agree with the posts above. If you need to justify more or are unsure, core samples remove most doubt. For the latest insights into the art of Structural Engineering www.sheerforceeng.com

Hi rapt, my post was not intended to be a paraphrasing of your previous post or ellaborating upon it. Merely my own comments and take on things, sorry for any confusion For the latest insights into the art of Structural Engineering www.sheerforceeng.com

I agree with rapt regarding torsion... Not sure what code you are designing to but the Australian code allows you to "ignore" incidental torsion on your beam if you have not considered its stiffness in your analysis (such as 2D frame analysis in RAPT, its in Clause 8.2.1.2 AS3600-2018)...

Safety-in-design would trump everything else I believe For the latest insights into the art of Structural Engineering www.sheerforceeng.com

If your calculations say 1.03 or 103% utilisation, then it is not code compliant if your code requires you to design as per limit state approach. If something goes wrong with the element you designed (and its not your fault but a force of nature or a builder mistake), a lawyer will have a field...

Hi Jaet, here are a couple of links for you that you may find useful.. - This is a beginner primer to PT, its pretty elementary but if you are just starting out, its worth a quick read... Link - Here are some span-to-depth ratio tables you can use which can give you a ballpark idea of if your...

Hi NicB5858, could you just give your friendly Structural Engineer a quick call and ask? It would be a pretty straight forward answer if he/she is already familiar with the design... In my opinion, which is restricted to knowledge based only on your photo and part-plan, I have the following...

Hi structuralCADspecialist, I've found that lesser experienced Structural Engineers will tend to throw more reinforcement at a slab through lack of confidence, especially if the slab is on the complex side of things. By complex I'm referring to a combination of steps, folds, set-downs and...

Hi CELinOttawa, that's an interesting photo. More out of curiosity than anything else, is this in a basement? The wall formwork looks a bit rough, was this an off-form finish? Are you sure that this spalling isn't caused by poor concrete placement or similar? Adjacent wall "panels" appear to...

Hi SobreroPeet, curious as to what your design approach is. Are you analysing concrete structures by hand or a type of spreadsheet based approach? Shrinkage restraint can be very important for strength calculations if you are designing a post-tensioned slab system. If your slab is restrained...

This photo really makes things very interesting. I believe this photo is taken just inside the balcony at apartment 1005 (level 10). It is the blind side to the image I showed (from the garden side) on an earlier post of mine. It definitely looks like a beam of sorts, but there appears to be...

Hi QSIIN, you are spot on, however the two methods I have outlined remain the only standard approaches for the base where a wall/column starts at footing level (or in this case where a discontinuity or transition occurs and the wall/column doesn't continue to levels below in the same...

Hi tomfh, appreciate your input. I don't wish to lay blame unwarranted to any party (bearing in mind that this discussion is filled with hypotheses that precede my comments which you can either look at as being a blame game or a discussion amongst interested parties and enthusiasts based on...

No, unfortunately fake news strikes again which looks like the Sydney Morning Herald has since retracted but damage may already be done it seems to Bonacci Group reputation...

In terms of concrete technology, we are very advanced. Ironically enough even though they are swimming in sand over there, we taught Dubai how to use their sand in their concrete mixes to achieve high 80MPa plus concrete. We have been leaps and bounds ahead of majority of the world in...

Hello all, This is a great discussion. I have had a lot of experience in forensic engineering and reviewing failures on-site across Australia. Here is my take on what has happened: Local Column/wall failure has occurred due to insufficient grouting within the grout-bed interface between...

Do we know when the PT cables in the bottom deck/chord were stressed? Were these cables stressed after the entire truss was poured or was the bottom deck poured, then stressed, then the diagonal/verticals poured and so on? If the cables in the bottom deck were stressed after the vertical and...

Thanks and good pick up. I have amended it now, and while I was at it amended a couple of other items that have since bothered me: - Looks like everyone generally agrees that the angle is circa 36 degrees not 30, so I changed this - I have applied more relevant local load factor of 1.25...