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Thanks. Not sure why it doesn't come up when I search subject lines for rust.

As the engineer on a project, I have been asked to inspect some rebar that has been sitting outside for over a year while the project was temporarily on hold. Naturally, the rebar has rust on it in many locations. It is visually evident that there has been no loss of material (which could be...

I'm not sure exactly what you mean about the weak points all over the bottom face. But strictly from a strength standpoint, there is no question that these shale bricks are holding up better than the concrete bricks do. There are always numerous concrete bricks that get crushed when they are...

Strictly from the standpoint of having moisture permeate through the brick itself. I find it hard to believe that the shale brick would be less resistant to water penetration than the concrete brick. The shale brick had a very dense structure whereas the concrete bricks appear to have the...

Thanks for responses. Maybe to ask the question in a different way to try to understand all of the issues better: Even if there is some local cracking around the clay bricks, given that the mud mat is present to provide a barrier to moisture, would these cracks really be that harmful? The...

I am currently working on a project where the contractor wants to use clay bricks to support the bottom mat of reinforcing (They are actually shale bricks with test breaks well above 10,000 psi). I was told early in my career that clay bricks should not be used to support rebar because they...

I would second eawarfo's request for a good reference on a simple hand calculation method to get a rough idea of the forces in a compression ring.

In the 1983 AISC article "Design of Headed Anchor Bolts" by Shipp and Haninger, it states: "Where plain bars are used, the equivalent anchorage may be accomplished by threading the embedded end of the bar and using one heavy hex nut with bolt threads "staked" at two places below the heavy hex...

Ron, Regarding your item #2, I am checking some roof joists for a new mechanical unit. The existing roof deck has what is referred to on the existing drawings as "insulating concrete". It is on top of a 26 gage metal form deck. The project is a mall in MN that was built in 1965. Would this...

Thanks, SlideRuleEra. I went and looked at one of the reference books we have and was able to verify your recommendations and the definition of a 'continuous reinforcement' for pavements. Thanks for the direction.

I agree that they probably will not need any construction joints for this slab. What do you mean by the term "continuous reinforcement". Is this a technical term. Do you have a reference for the 0.7% reinforcing ratio or are you just basing this on the chart in ACI350R

I have a 12" thick slab with #5 @12" o.c top and bottom. I want the steel to be continuous through the control joints (and construction joints). I read somewhere that the control joint should be cut to a depth of 1/3 the slab thickness. If I have top steel with 2" of cover, they will not be...

Jed I went to the SNWA web site, but wasn't able to find this design standard. Do you have a link to this standard? When you refer to sloped side walls, is this a 1 vertical in 5 horizontal slope to a thickened slab edge. Does this also occur at the interior column pads too? I'm not quite...

Thank-you JedClampett and JAE Jed, out of curiosity what did you use for a base slab thickness and reinforcing for your tank and how did you deal with the control joints there. On another thank that I am doing, I would like to use a 10" slab on grade with 1 layer of reinforcing centered so...

The walls cannot be designed to span horizontally or be cantilevered.

Question: Where should construction joints be located in a two-way slab? I am involved in the construction of an underground tank with a two-way concrete roof slab. The column spacing is about 22.5 and the tank is 270' x 90'. I have been asked by the contractor where he should locate the...

Can anyone tell me if they have had experience with using precast plank for an underground tank. This particular tank is 70 ft square. The interior columns are going to be 17-6" apart. The tank has about 5 1/2 feet of soil over the top. I find that if you are going to design the tank to be...

There is a book called "Masonry Design Manual" whose 2nd addition was published around 1972. On the first page of the first chapter it gives a table for maximum ratio of unsupported height to thickness. For reinforced hollow unit masonry bearing walls, it give h/t of 25. It also gives h/t...

J1D, I think that you are interpreting the situation correctly. I generally agree with your suggestion. However, there are a couple of issues that come up. 1) There are going to be contraction joints (if not construction joints) that run parallel with the "retaining wall" and the wall on the...

J1D, I was considering the wall to be pinned-pinned. So it was pinned at the footing (at or below 92-0) and pinned at the top at 100-0 (i.e. that SOG). It is retaining earth, but not necessarly a retaining wall in the sense that it has a fixed base with no support at the top. In this case it...