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A better reference I found was the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations...hydraulic formulas used in designing fish farms. Search for it on the web and you will find it useful.

Thanks for the references.

Does anyone have recommendations for design guides for large siphons? I am designing a large 100 MGD siphon and I am looking for guidance on siphon assist pumps, priming, and recommended valve / check valve configurations.

We are calculating the remainign service life of a welded steel gas sphere and it seems the methodology is to develop the (1) corrosion rate and then (2) calculate the remaining life using the rate. The corrosion rate is determined by the change in initial thickness minus the actual thickness...

Yes, you are all pretty much understanding the situation...the second 100 percent is a check pass. I generally followed EPRI Good Bolting Practices. Yes, this is a soft bolt and the o-ring is likely completely compresssed in the groove. We are not using any locking methods, but did mark the...

I guess that is one good question. The 27,000 lbs of tension on each bolt (~3 inch sq or 10k per inch) is sufficient to prevent flange opening during service loads. It is low, but is it too low? However, I though the whole preload question was more complicated...like, the percentage of the...

Byrdj, 27 kips per inch...on a 2" bolt I think this translates to roughly 30 percent of yield (bolt is 314 ss). The durameter is like 70, and its 1/4" dia. But the flange has a raised face (on the non-grooved side) and the "overhand" towards the outer circumference (where the bolt holes are)...

To mintjulep, its a hard joint with a double o-ring. To corypad, 5 degrees in the tightening direction...this is probably what we will do, but I am still worried that it will affect the rest of the bolts.

Its actually low. This is drinking water piping that is still empty prior to operation. We looked at thermal and vibration and we didn't think anything was there. We did wonder about pipe alignment and movement during installation. This is partly why we are doing the test now -- after the...

The bolts are existing, but the tightening procedure and preload are being questioned. Background: We used a 30-60-100-100 step procedure and have found that many of the bolts loosened. Some question whether the procedure was fully applied. Hence, we did a tightly "supervised" one and are...

I am involved in an investigation of torquing procedures and we need to measure the torque of some 2" b8m bolts in a 40 hole flange. The tension was 27 kips, and the torque using the Sidmore was roughtly 600 ft-lbs. Question is: how do I measure torque? If I go around using the sequqnce...