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Thanks for the comments. I was onsite yesterday, and you are correct that the surface of the block is spalling off, it was very flaky, and it was just leaving behind and exposing the block aggregate. Based on the original drawings, no external membrance was specified, and hokie66 you right in...

Thanks Ron, this blockwork appears to be undergoing wetting and drying, no freeze-thaw issues in this area.

Hi All, We have undertaken a visual inspection of a carpark structure, and a blockwork retaining wall is showing signs of moisture ingress, efflorescence and what appears to be a honeycomb appearance on some of the blocks. Any idea what could have caused this and whether it needs repairing or...

The detail is shown below specified in the drawings is provided below. AS4997 Guidelines for the design of maritime structures specifies that hollow members should be sealed to prevent corrosion on the inside face. This is an open-ended steel pile which is embedded 15m into stiff clay. My...

Hi Everyone, We are currently designing a berthing pile, constructed from a 1016 x 25.4 thick steel pile. As-constructed drawings for a previous installation for this client specifies 40 litres of cooking oil be poured into the pile after installation and then sealed with a HD Galvansed 2" BSP...

Thanks for the feedback, I have just checked the alignment of the bolts and bolt holes, to find that the bolts on a 9 degree angle would not have fit.

Hi, our Client has installed a cantilevered variable message sign (VMS) with the incorrect orientation (9 degree difference from the design angle). To fix the VMS orientation, they are proposing to install a tapered shim plate between the bolted connection of the post and the cantilevered sign...

Thanks hokie66

I'm currently designing a bored pier for a cantilevered overhead sign structure (VMS) and would be very grateful if someone could please provide some advise in regards to the questions below. Clause 8.3.8 of AS 3600-2009 requires that torsional reinforcement consist of both closed fitments and...

Thank you for your replys. hokie66, Yes I am from Australia. While the wall does have horizontal reinforcement, it did not specify which block to use. I agree that a bond beam is required and the use of "H" or "knockout" blocks with horizontal reinforcement will meet this requirement. Do you...

When designing a reinforced masonry wall, I was taught by a previous Engineer that if all the cores are grouted filled then a bond beam was not required. Today I was looking over another Engineer's design who had specified that all cores be grout filled, with N12 at 400 vertically and...