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Introducing nozzle flexibility or inputting flexible anchor at the nozzle will reduce nozzle loads. However if your nozzle loads are still high then you might need to modify the pipe routing to give addititional flexibility to the system and also look at your pipe support positioning and...

Brad, No handbook or any other design codes/documents that forbid using fixed anchor on GRP piping. It looks like that you probably have an untied expansion bellow installed near the nozzle and this is where you get the pressure thrust generated by the expansion bellow. Without knowing the...

Wind shape factor of 0.6 would be minimum. If you are unsure then use 1.0 which would give you higher wind pressures acting on the pipe and therefore occasional loads will be higher in your output.

Brad, What load case did it show nozzle overstressed? At ambient temperature axial loads due to expansion should be very minimal. Depending on how you define an anchor in your model. A fixed anchor is not normally used in GRP piping. Nozzle loads can be reduced if you perform the following: 1...

BradSmith, What is your pipe material spec? Steel pipe is not recommended for seawater application due to corrosion issue. You better off using FRP (fiberglass reinforced) piping for seawater. Depending on the final pipe wall thickness and limit of deflection, for 32" FRP pipe with water at...

Hi All, As I understand in B31.3 "Category D" piping can be applied ONLY when agreed with the Owner or Client otherwise most piping belongs to Normal Fluid. Much appreciated your response. Thanks

Thank you all for your kind feedback. The instrument air design pressure (1320kPag) in this case exceeds Category D therefore this piping system belongs to Normal Fluid hence require hydrotest. It is now clear that 5% RT (min) is also required.

Hi All, In order to comply with B31.3, do I need to carry out both hydrostatic testing and NDT (radiography) for a pressure piping system (say instrument air piping) or can I eliminate NDT and carry out hydrostatic testing only? please help Thanks