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  1. gharli

    Why do engineers flip the last diagonal in trusses?

    Thanks, I get all that, but I've often seen the top chord continuing to run horizontally (not omitted), and the end diags flipped. See below. It also is not limited to mid span situations where there is continuity across the support, like below. I've seen at the end supports as well. It seems...
  2. gharli

    Why do engineers flip the last diagonal in trusses?

    Hi All, Please can someone shed some light on a peculiarity with regards to pratt trusses. I've often seen the last diagonal on either end flipped, i.e. instead of it being in tension it is forced to be in compression. What is the rational behind this? Thanks.
  3. gharli

    Minimum hook development length per CSA A23.3

    An idea: Hydrophilic seals typically ask for a minimum of 150 mm cover in unreinforced applications to avoid spalling. Using this value, you could conservatively suggest that the expansion pressure is a maximum of 3.6 kPa (24 x 0.15). Based on your dowel spacing then work out the force per...
  4. gharli

    Minimum blast profile gauge

    GG your contributions are highly appreciated. Another point worth mentioning is that the steel surface was originally hot dipped galvanized followed by painting. I believe the intention with the Sa2 is to remove the paint but not the galvanizing. If you have any comments on that, please do...
  5. gharli

    Minimum blast profile gauge

    GGedge, well done on joining the dots, I did mean SA2 as in the surface profile of a blasted surface and thank you for your response. I wasn't sure if there was an associated minimum depth associated with the visual assessment but you have confirmed that. Since posting this question the...
  6. gharli

    Minimum blast profile gauge

    Hi All, Does anyone know if there is a standard "blast gauge thickness" in microns associated with an SA2 specification? Thanks, _________________ Jones & Wagener www.jaws.co.za
  7. gharli

    What's in your site tool bag?

    Something not mentioned to date but extremely useful is my trusty Geopick. This is particularly useful for doing light hammer tap tests on spalling concrete, reverse is great for prying action to get to rebar when required. This is the exact one I use : Link _________________ Jones & Wagener...
  8. gharli

    Pipe Bedding Classes

    Ahh that's great! Thanks again. _________________ Jones & Wagener www.jaws.co.za
  9. gharli

    Pipe Bedding Classes

    The 1997 version you mentioned is not available for purchase as it has been withdrawn. The BSI website also doesn't seem to have the UK NA for the 2019 version. This is very confusing but I will use the information you provided as Informative. Thank you.
  10. gharli

    Pipe Bedding Classes

    Thanks HTURKAK, I saw that the 1997 version of the code you are referring to has been withdrawn and replaced with a 2020 version. Our Library purchased the 2020 edition yesterday but it doesn't have any reference to the bedding classes... _________________ Jones & Wagener www.jaws.co.za
  11. gharli

    Pipe Bedding Classes

    Thanks RobyengIT but these only explain the prefix S and B. Need some guidance on what the numeric suffix refers to, specifically the physical difference between a B1 and B2 bedding. Any idea? _________________ Jones & Wagener www.jaws.co.za
  12. gharli

    Pipe Bedding Classes

    Hi All, Please can someone shed some light on the UK descriptions of S1 to S5 and B1 and B2 Bedding Classes for pipes? Crawling through the web I gather that "S" is a complete surround and "B" is a cradle (180 degrees). What do the suffix numbers 1 to 5 (for S) and 1 to 2 (for B) refer to...
  13. gharli

    Fatigue Design Design Tool

    Hi All, Does any know of a design tool to assist with fatigue design, specifically to EC3 1-9? Thanks.
  14. gharli

    Simple over-turning question

    Good point Jayrod. I'm wondering if one considers say an infinitely long plate fixed on one edge with a perpendicular point load, the angle of force distribution will be such that at some point the wall doesn't feel the point load. Perhaps the length that the angle subtends at the fixed edge of...
  15. gharli

    Simple over-turning question

    Hi All, Simple question (hopefully). If there is a continuous system with a discreet point load, over what length would it be reasonable to calculate over-turning stability? For e.g. a rigid wall that is continuous and has a continuous overturning force induced by soil pressure. This is easy...
  16. gharli

    Beam-to-Beam Connection (Simple question)

    Hi All, In this very short 30 second video from steelconstruction.info (UK based organisation). Two Beam-to-beam connections are shown. The second detail has the incoming beam connecting directly to the flanges of the supporting beam. My questions are: 1. Will this connection induce torsion...
  17. gharli

    Why do we only care about the lowest modes of Vibration

    Makes a lot of sense. Thank you. _________________ Jones & Wagener www.jaws.co.za
  18. gharli

    Why do we only care about the lowest modes of Vibration

    Points well noted ax1e, thanks. My question regarding the mass was more to do with the mass participation in a specific mode rather than the 2x, 3x ,etc. minimum mass requirements. Thanks. _________________ Jones & Wagener www.jaws.co.za
  19. gharli

    Why do we only care about the lowest modes of Vibration

    Great, thanks for the responses guys. Always a help. Questions always lead to more and this instance is no different. Do any rules of thumb exist for how much mass participation is deemed necessary? Is it 1%, 99% ? I can imagine there may be some instances where only a small percentage is...
  20. gharli

    Why do we only care about the lowest modes of Vibration

    Hi All, Hope everyone is Covid19 safe and well. I'm doing a dynamic analysis check on a foundation supporting a motor. There are many guidelines and codes out there specify how far out your natural frequency needs to be from the forcing frequency. My question is, why do we only consider the...

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