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Dear Georgeverghese Thank you for your confirmation for feature of Kettle type reboiler. The turndown ratio of Kettle Reboiler needs to be large, Isn't it? Thank you for your confirmation.

Dear Georgeverghese I also consider Electric Heater in Kettle shell. That's for very small scale of the system.

Dear Georgeverghese Forced or Natural Circulation Reboiler is operating with Steam!!! My concept is to operate Distillation Process without Heating medium, Steam. In stead of STEAM, Direct Firing with Fire-tube boiler in Bottom of Distillation tower. I don't know it exectly. But, The steam is...

Dear Georgeverghese Nitric acid solution needs to be treated in Distillation process. Nitric acid is to be concentrated by 30%. Thanks to feature of Vapor curve of nitric acid, From Top of distillation tower, Pure steam will come out. My plan is to insert Fire-tube boiler into bottom of...

Dear Georgeverghese We have to consider Boiling Process!! It means that High Temperature should be given to Process Fluid. We can consider steam! But, To satisfy Boiling Process, We have to consider High pressure steam! It means that high operating cost and fabrication cost be expected.

Dear Georgeverghese API 12K is for Indirecting Firing Heat Transfer. Boiling is essential for Distillation Process. Fire-tube heater is for Distillation process. In industrial Area, Steam is very useful to run Distillation Process. But, to make steam, we have to expect more fabrication cost...

Thank you for your reply, Pierreick Fired Heater is just like Water-tube boiler. The construction of Fired Heater is totally different from that of Fire-tube boiler. (For Fired heater, Flame is outside tubes. But, for Fire-tube boiler, Flame is inside tubes.) See Fire-tube boiler construction...

Helle, I have to consider a new boiling system such like fire tube boiler. Usally, Boiler boils water only. But, My item is NOT to boil WATER. (may be, Commercial software for Fire tube boiler is not available.) Due to This reason, I would like to get All Formula needed for Fire tube boiler...

Dear Georgeverghses I would like to mention another. The strong inorganic acids such like Nitric and Sulfuric Acids have very unique Vapor pressure curves. Thanks to this reason, Stripping column can make pure water vapor! See the feature of Vapor curve of Nitric Acid.

Dear Georgeverghese The Stripping column is essential for the new process of Anaerobic digestion. The reactors of Anaerobic digestion need to be heat. The latent & sensible heat of vapor from top of stripping column is to heat these reactors.

Dear georgeverghese Very dilute solution of nitric & sulfuric acid (0.1~1%) comes into stripping column. This solution is to concentrate by 30% as maximum. If the solution need to concentrate more, some additional chemical is required to make solution stable.

Dear Hacksaw, I am developing a new process related to Anaerobic Digestion system. This system needs Stripping column to remove Nitric & Sulfuric acid continuously. The other equipment can be designed by myself. The problem is to do performance design for Stripping Column. Simulation is NOT...

I am an exchanger thermal design engineer. I wonder how to do design of stripping column. This stripping column is for removing Nitric and Sulfuric acid from water. From Top of stripping column, Pure water comes out. This kind of equipment is normally designed with process simulation software...

Dear MintJulep I saw an application of Refractory inside of Stack for High Temperature Operation such like a Fired Heater Stack! (I remember they kept Stack steel temperature being under 80C with Refractory!) And, I saw application of Insulation inside of stack. They said "with insulation...

Dear LittleInch, We can think about Two Thermal Stresses for Stack! 1. Thermal Stress due to Longitudinal Thermal Expansion. (I don't know exactly! maybe, The load due to Longi. Thermal Expansion increases stress in Stack shell. Mostly Weight of Stack will be increase thermal stress.) 2...

Small opening can be ignored. Sometimes, Vent hole(1/4") is drilled on Tubesheet. This hole doesn't give any effect to strength calculation.

I don't know exactly! But, I would like to say this one as below! Nozzle Loads are closely related to Shell Thickness! If a very Large Nozzle Load addes to a vessel, the shell thickness of the Vessel should be increased. It means some vessel that has very low design press. can withstand very...

With the above way, I am concerned about Radial Thermal Stress due to Temperature Difference between Stack Shell and Air! If Insulation is applied to Outside of Stack, Temperature Difference between Inside & Outside of Stack can be minimized! But, Design Temperature of Stack will be increased...

Dear Sir, I would like to know a normal practice for Insulation of a Stack (Chimney)! As you see an above picture, Insulation is applied to inside of a Stack! I think this way seems to have many benefits! Anyone who know it well informs whether this application of Insulation for a Stack is...

I would like to know a Normal Practice for Insulation of Stack! For Above Picture, Is it a Normal Practice? The Insulation inside of a Stack seems to have many benefits. Anyone who knows it well gives me your kind comments. Regards,