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Don't get so exotic. According to the FBC 2001 you are in 140 MPH hurricane According to the FBC 2001 you are in a 140 MPH zone. Find out what your local building department wants you to use. Get an engineer to check the wind forces on your roof and walls. Put a tiedown on each truss and...

The strength of two bars next to each other is not a factor of tie wires. They snap apart if you wiggle them 5 times. The strength comes from the bonding of the concrete to each run of rebar, a "lap length". Welding weakens steel by making it brittle, therefore its main function to...

Hold on- there is no one answer! The spacing of the supports is related to the pipe diameter. The filled weight and the material of the pipe (such as steel) control if the pipe can span between the supports. I have lost the charts on diameter vs. pipe span, but it is a matter of logic and...

You might want to define more closely your criteria. Size, length,and load Non-conductive materials include concrete and wood.

Check with your local building officials, and not exactly local. In my Metro area only certified shops can submit work.

Carriage bolts have a button head and square shaft for part of the length so they do not twist as you tighten up the nut.

A second round of support for 'Ron'. The basic design code for 'open roofs' he is refering to is ASCE7, upon which most other codes are based. I only want to add that the type of structures that we allow to go through for permit at 75 MPH (90 MPH gusts) are fabric structures. Anything that if...

An old catalogue I have is for S, J, H, L, and LA joists. The 1969 SJI Spec and Load Tables lists J and H series and LJ and LH series (which you do not have). The LA or LJ and LH series always had a 5" high seat. The Steel Handbook from 1961 to 1963, 5th Ed. has L series joists within...

Perhaps common codes do not have the 1.5 SF. Our Florida Building Code 2001 has no SF for most of the state, but: Thanks to our recently retired County Building Official, Jaime Eisen, the High Velocity Hurricane Zone portion has the 1.5 SF in Ch 1620. We had it locally before the State took...

I had hoped this site would be a mentoring tool, not one of criticism. The previous answerer left out wind as a load not in the vertical direction. To the person 'calculate': First apply the external loads at the panel points. Make the whole thing a 3D truss with bolted connections for a...