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So is the 1.16 or 1.25 allowable overloading factor, and is the 1.25 a factor that’s allowable but requires engineer to verify?

1.What do "W&L" and "AGVWR" stand for in the above image? 2. What is the unit for tire size?https://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=e9842797-ae56-4f09-bac7-b5f0c580e7b7&file=W&L_AGVWR.jpg

For example, watermain location at 9+856 to 9+875, offset R1.75

I am reading utility and civil drawings and there are schedules showing locations of all kinds of pipes under a roadway, such as watermains and sewers. There are offset R/L figures in these schedules, are R or L meaning offset to the Right or Left in reference to the center line of the roadway...

What do the abbreviation CIR., B.C. and H.L.I. in “2100mm⌀ CIR.B.C. H.L.I. COMBINED SEWER” mean?

I don't have much experience in masonry needling, shoring and propping, and found this: https://fortuneluxuryhomes.com/2022/01/23/what-is-needling-or-propping-in-construction%EF%BF%BC/ What do the U-Shape Needles mentioned in the article look like?

Does the mass of a cladding panel affect wind load on it? where does the code, for example, Ontario building code, say about this?

Retail store buildings usually have transfer beams on 2nd floor (ceiling of 1st floor) to reduce the number of columns, so that there would be large space on ground floor for retail stores, what type of irregularity would this type of buildings have? Vertical stiffness irregularity? Thanks for...

Windows 7, Pycharm 2020, Python 3.7, comtypes 1.1.10, attach to Etabs 18.1.1 instance: import sys import comtypes.client # set the following flag to True to attach to an existing instance of the program # otherwise a new instance of the program will be started AttachToInstance = True if...

CAS A23.3-19 clause 21.5.3.4 Conditions for reduced wall thickness Limit A in Clause 21.5.3.2 and Limit B in Clause 21.5.3.3 shall not be required to apply to a) any part of a wall that under factored vertical and lateral loads are not more than halfway from the neutral axis to the compression...

I think it needs to be checked. I would never use the bottom chord of joist to support a wall. It would be done by using diagonals to transfer the bracing load to diaphragm.

BAretired, thank you very much for your input. I agree with your comments. The paper I attached in the OP is more about the contribution of bottom chord extension to floor vibration, which is not for typical building construction. The bottom line is that when the bottom chord extends to...

I found a detail called on a drawing for bottom chord extension at each end of all open web joists in a gym area. By doing this, are the OWSJ'S being designed as continuous, and is the intent of the design to reduce deflection or for other...

I've never dug deep into the details of open web steel joist design. One thing I've been thinking is the extension of the bottom chord. I found the attached paper on the internet, which discusses in length about the bottom chord extension. My question is, when the bottom chord extends to a...

The left shows the framing leg of the angles has welds, and the outstanding leg bolts to column web, which is the option you suggested. The right picture shows the option I used. I think bolting on one leg provides more end rotation ductility for the beam, which is more desirable than welding...

This is the [] shaped weld design table. I circled the number close to 2,500KN, since the whole page could not be screen snapped.https://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=a769b16a-a8ed-4615-8d98-caae09be42a1&file=Outstanding_Legs_With_Welds_2D_Return_At_Top_and_Bottom.jpg

The 0.85 factor reduces the moment. Please see in the attached picture. The [] shaped weld is actually from our design handbook. Is the table not considering moment due to eccentricity of the shear transferred? The table gives capacity up to 3,000KN. I didn't do a detailed calculation checking...

Agent666, thanks for your input. The moment magnitude about the minor axis you estimated is more or less what I considered. In Canadian code, when moment and axial load interact, there is also a 0.85 factor for the moment, so I was looking at about 120KN.m of moment about the minor axis...

I found that the space in the bolt group might be a bit tight for using a impact gun. Is there any socket extension that can get in to tight space to tighten bolts. The column is W250x131. Hi Agent666, do you have any comments on my last and this post? Or any new finding for situations similar...

Thank you so much, Agent666. For now, we have decided to use welding angles to column web and bolting them to beam web. The reason being is that, if welding the angles to beam web is used, the total length of the beam assemble with welded angles must be very accurate for easy erection and in...