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Thanks for the clarification. Best regards - Al

The root of the groove weld is finished flush and the face of the groove weld is specified as concave. Both, because no method of mechanical finishing is specified, is as welded. The contours are preferences. As noted in one of the other responses, had there been a letter adjacent to the flush...

Sorry, but I'm not sure I understand the question. I have no idea what UPN200 means. Is that a type of base metal? It doesn't appear to specify a shapp because it appears to relate to a structural angle and a structural channel. Are you asking as a designer or as a welder? As a designer, I...

Take a look through the offerings from ASM, Metals Park, Ohio. Going back some twenty years ago they had a program that allowed one to input the chemistry and it would list several material specifications that had similar composition. As noted, to determine the specific specification requires...

The welding symbol you've included is what I would call a legacy welding symbol, meaning is either from an "old" drawing or someone is using welding symbols from earlier than 1976! Good golly, they are nearly fifty years out of date! I noticed the symbol references MIL-W-8604. That's a welding...

Please tell me what a laced tire is? All that comes to mind is "Old Mother Hubbard" that lived in a laced high top shoe. Best regards - Al

Happy Halloween! Best regards - Al

I'm not sure, but you might want to take a look at the "Farm Code" for a welding project like this. Do an on line search for the Farm Code 2002. Best regards - Al

Hello ThaiVu; The applicable clauses in AWS D1.1:2020 are: Clause 6.10.1 for the visual examination of the completed fillet weld. Paraphrased: no cracks, no unfilled craters, weld size must be at least 5/16-inch (8 mm), weld convexity (profile) in accordance with figure 7.4, undercut no greater...

What type of stud welding equipment is being used? Are these actual studs or are they more like a projection weld in that there is a small nub that acts as a stand off? There are several variations and each has its own particularities. Consistent results require consistent welding parameters and...

I concur with DekDee. The T-joint is comprised of two plates cut with a saw so that the butting edge seats tight against the nonbutting member, i.e., you don't want to use a rolled edge with a radius against the nonbutting member. When the weld is loaded so the root of the weld is loaded in...

The discontinuity depicted by the first photograph is not a lamination nor is it a delamination. A lamination is a planar rolling discontinuity that lies parallel to the direction of roll and is typically about mid-thickness. It looks like a "hairline crack" that isn't open. If the "hairline...

Base metal designations that I'm not familiar with, likewise, I'm not familiar with the filler metal designation. Best regards - Al

Per AWS D1.1 a low hydrogen electrode can be rebaked once at elevated temperature (around 500 degrees F if the time out of the heated electrode oven has been exceeded. If the low hydrogen electrode has been out of the heated electrode oven for less than the permitted exposure time, it can be...

AWS D1.6 is intended for structural welding of stainless steel. Generally, corrosion resistance isn't usually high on the list of priorities. As you observed, one can weld the austenitic stainless without gas backing on the second side while welding the first side and the mechanical properties...

You might also like to take a look at Annex P for more direction on the content of a prequalified WPS. This resource is often overlooked. As for why the code is laid out as it is, you would have to attend the committee meetings to hear their justifications. Best regards - Al

Remember that a prequalified WPS is written and is ready to be used for production without any testing. As such, it is prescriptive. There are limitations and restrictions that must be met in order for the WPS to be prequalified. If any of the variables is not in compliance, the WPS is not...

I look at it this way. If nitrogen was inert, it shouldn't combine easily with other elements to form chemical compounds. So, the fact that we have ammonia, nitrous oxide, and numerous explosives containing nitrogen as a basic building block, it must not be inert. Best regards - Al

Sounds like a welder skill issue provided you have already verified the welding parameters are those recommended by the manufacturer. As already mentioned, the electrode extension (CTWD) is one parameter that is often overlooked. FCAW is one process that should not be "set" by what feels right...

Few things worse that inspecting and evaluating welds using photograph with low resolution. Dye penetrant inspection of intermittent fillet welds? On a ferromagnetic material? We're all going to die! Hire some welding inspectors to inspect the welds. Let them determine if the welds meet the...