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Without the openings I would design the end wall as a plate fixed at the base and the sides using the PCA table or those in Engineering Monograph 27. For small openings at the base you can cut and add reinforcement as standard. However,you have to be carefull if the openings is near the base...

The design for strength and shrinkage crack control is two independent designs. The reinforcement ratio required to limit shrinkage cracks is essentially your minimum reinforcement. Where the strenght design requires more than the minimum reinforcement this need to be provided. Cheers HvZ

What you are looking at is shrinkage cracks. 1st thing to remember that you will allways have cracks. Whether the size of the cracks is a problem depends on the service of the structure (e.g. water retaining, aethetics, etc.) I design water retaining structures in Australia, and the limits on...

Joint preperation as I descibed it will give a joint performance of 98%. Preparing the joint face using bond agent or casting against a wet face or not properly exposing the aggregate could reduce the performance of the joint to less than 50% in which case shear dowel is definitely required...

I look at it this way. Constructin joints are not movement joints. The aim with a construction joint is for two independantly poured section to act as a homogeneous element. If the pour was not stoped, you would not have the dowels. So what is different. The reinforcement that passes through...

This a very important issue. If it is not going to be constructed the way it is designed and detailed, because it can not be constructed the way it was detailed or the contractor wants to do build it differently, then the design is no longer valid. The easiest project arrangement is an alliance...

Davy, I working in Ireland for number of years and stormwater attenuation is a planning requirement. The problem i had most was low lying flat sites and as a result it was difficult to introdution a tank type attenuation system, because we simply did not have the depth between the discharge of...

Thanx pigdog Since the quarry is only in its planning phase and the initial design of the ponds are being done, i cannot analyse runoff from the quarry as it is not there yet. Where if any can i get guidance on what amount or values to allow for

I am looking at the design of settlement ponds for the removal of Silt, clay and sand particals from surface water collocted from the floor of an open cast limestone quarry. How can i determine the amount of these particals in the water.

Hi all, I am collecting all "rules of thumb" examples in engineering used to either design or give a design a quick sanity check. Could you please e-mail any that you use or know of to me. If you know the origin or explanation (maths) behind it, I would appreaciate it. I think it is...

Hi all, I am collecting all "rules of thumb" examples in engineering used to either design or give a design a quick sanity check. Could you please e-mail any that you use or know of to me. If you know the origin or explanation (maths) behind it, I would appreaciate it. I think it is...

In the design of a under ground square RC tank for retaining water, what is a quick and easy way to calculate the moments in the tank base slab. The base is continuous between the four walls which are fully fixed to the base on all four sides.