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All above are good options. How about stone filled gabions? Easy to install and soft on the eyes. Very accepted by a variety of Environmental Groups. R.A. Hassett, P.E.

The advice given about aluminum being a no-no in concrete is precise. If you want to see aluminum corroded, check out some that has been embedded directly in concrete for a while. That is why most handrails and like embeds are usually sleeved through the concrete and set in a non-reactive epoxy...

Wow Folks, never did I think that this would go down in the analls of controversial Civil Engineering Issues. It's approching the varied opinions on which way the perforations should be pointed in an underdrain system. The system as I have employed and will continue to employ regardless of...

Vegetative Growth or Gabions are the real deal. Sand Cement is really only workable in granular soils but can be forced into compliance with other soils. You can get hydro-seed to grow on anything and gabion mats need no type of sub-surface prep. Good Luck, Rick Hassett, P.E. R.A. Hassett...

I ran into this in Egypt. We used the tendon manufacturers info. and monitored pull-outs very closely until we had a solid base line to ensure their effectiveness. Good Luck, Rick Hassett, P.E. R.A. Hassett, P.E. rah1616@hotmail.com

I was running 136-142 for "Boston Blue Clay, which is not clay, but Glacial Til. Good Luck, Rick Hassett, P.E. R.A. Hassett, P.E. rah1616@hotmail.com

Do yourself a favor in the future. Never touch a project that pays as you describe. There are too many variables and potential dishonesty involved. You've created a contractors dream. In the future, pay by the in place volume as measured to defined neat-lines. I'm a contractor and always request...

Use a colored curing compound. When the color is shown, it's enough. However, it's a flat surface and very amenable to water curing. Water Cure is 100% Effective where Curing Compounds are only approved based on their %effectiveness as compared with a "Water Cure". Most Contractors will B&M...

When the box culvert is manufactured, have the supplier cast a waterstop right into the affected area, then place the walls around the waterstopped area. Ensure that all areas of the culvert are clean of laitance were wall concrete will come in contact with the culvert walls. On the u/s face...

There is some solid engineering and experience in replies to date. Here's my take after building 26 km of concrete canal in the Middle East. 1. W/C ratio is critical in all concrete work,finishers like the mix a bit looser to reduce their labor and extend their work hours as the wetter a...

Try a lean concrete mix with very fine aggregate, 3/8" minus and superplasticizer to make it flow. Alternatively, use sand/cement with enough water to make it flow. Remember, your looking for the equivalent of compacted material, not compressive strength in whatever mix you use. Another thought...

I agree with all of the responses so far. My best quess is capillary rise, but if the groundwater table was insignificant then you could rule that out. However, if the excavation for the footers was dry, it doesn't mean that the water table wasn't just below the dry line. Heavy construction...

Do not grout that situation. Lawyers aren't engineers!!!!If you chose to grout, you could be pouring concrete into the ground and never know where it goes. I reiterate my past comments. Best of Luck, Rick Hassett R.A. Hassett, P.E. rah1616@hotmail.com

Use 20% and you'll be fine. R.A. Hassett, P.E. rah1616@hotmail.com

Be careful of the material he is importing. It is not unusual with soils of those characteristics to not be able to come up to such rigid standards, but forgetting that, if that area is to be traveled upon, subjected to cyclical loading, expect it to pump somewhat, this could cause a maintenace...

I unequivocally agree with JHEIDT2543. If you go the exterior French Drain Route, while the excavation is completed and obviously prior to backfill, coat the exterior of the wall with a waterproofing material. Living in the Northeast is a great resource in Chapman Waterproofing, they do the...

That grade would appear to be too steep. Probably excessively, but the point is made elsewhere as to what authorities you must satisfy. Safety should be a concern here. If you are in a cold area, you've got to think of ice on that slope in the winter. Err here on the side of conservatism...

You should absolutely take the loss of volume due to compaction into account, or you will get into a quantity problem in the field requiring a change order or something similar. Likewise when excavating something that can be cleanly defined, such as a trench, excavation should be figured...

Do Not Grout that Foundation. It's Money that you can't see. Underpin or Soil Nailing is the way to go. Good Luck and Best Regards, Rick Hassett, P.E. R.A. Hassett, P.E. rah1616@hotmail.com

I haven't used nylon strips, but you may want to check with manufacturers like Versa-Lock and Castle-Block. They are on the web under those names. They both, generally, use Geo-Textiles, but I suspect that one or both would have such a system. Remember, all of these proprietary systems are...