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Hi Taff, I generally use XP - not necessarily the cheapest but they are readily available and carry a wide range of approvals. Try www.xpplc.com. Richard.

Alehman, I absolutely accept your point. However, the question is regarding excess heat when apparently the only thing which has changed is the frequency. I interpreted it as 'I have observed this effect, can anyone suggest a reason?'. Reverse recovery could be significant because there are...

Thanks! I reckon a fan is probably OK as a short-term fix, but junction could develop a hotspot. A tiny part of the junction ceases to be effective as a diode, which puts more strain on the remainder; this leads to either failure of the junction (thermal runaway) or of the bonding wire...

Hi, Absolutely right. If you look at diode information in the manufacturer's data, it will normally give details such as 'recovery time'. This is the time taken for the diode to begin 'blocking' current when voltage across the diode reverses. All to do with mobility of carriers, and...

[idea] May I suggest that when asking a question, we all make clear which country equipment is to be installed in, and say where equipment was manufactured if possible? This is particularly relevant if question relates to 220-240V! I work in UK, but design for all parts of the world, and this...

I have just been reading thread 237-48055 regarding lamp colours. As an equipment designed in the UK, I cannot understand how you guys are able to make up your own colour codes on equipment! Even though I design to NFPA79, our installation people in the States regularly have to change lamp...

As an engineer in the UK, I thought people in the US worked to IEEE 142 ('The Green Book'). A 1991 version appears at: standards.ieee.org/colorbooks/sampler/Greenbook.pdf Am I out of date / showing my age / misunderstood the question? RAC

Could you specify which country in Europe you are working in? Each country still has its own code for installation. It is only equipment build standards which have been normalised (ie all equipment built or imported into the EC must follow a common standard so that it can be used in any...

Sorry, I don't understand the question. By BS do you mean British Standard, or are you referring to another organisation? What do you mean by identification code? Do you already have a UPS, or are you trying to specify one for a new job? RAC.

Thanks peebee. I had to alter a panel in Germany many years ago, so have followed the same pattern ever since. Unfortunately cannot find it in European Normalised or NFPA now. Maybe it was a particular German or customer standard. Thanks for your trouble. Richard

Phil, As an engineer based in the UK, I claim no particular expertise, but think this is covered in NFPA79, Sect 13 'Operator's Control Station & Equipment'. This mirrors the European Standard EN60204, section 10. Briefly for (pushbutton function)/[indicator] Red: (Stop) / [Alarm or abnormal...

Can anybody tell me if there is a Standard which dictates the position of power ON and OFF switches on equipment control panels? I work in UK, and general European procedure is that OFF should be mounted to the top right, but have now been challenged and (to my shame) cannot find anything in...

Becrez, If you are working in UK, suggest you get a copy of IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671) ISBN 0 85296 988 0 available from sales@iee.org.uk. Regulation 473-02-02 says that 'The ... protective device may be placed ... at a point on the load side [such that the distance shall]: i) not exceed...