A back of the envelope calculation:
Energy required at the bottom = Top product drawal multiplird by ( 1 + reflux ratio ) and further muliplied with the latent heat of evaporation of the top product.
Units:
Top product in weight unit.
Reflux Ratio in numeral.
Latent Heat in Heat units per...
The pretreatment requirement can be summed up to as below.
01. A sand or multimedia filter : This is to remove the suspended solids and also to reduce the turbidity. This will call for a raw water pump.
02. Antiscalant dosing system. To feed/dose scale prevention chemicals to ensure that the...
01. It is understood that Ethylene Oxide is used in few plants for controlling Thiosulfite in the Sodium Dithionite reaction mixture.
02. The product that forms inside the reactor due to reaction of Ethylene oxide with Sodium thiosulfite will start accumulating when the mother liquor of the...
01.We have stopped the turbine.
02.The turbine manufacturer is the one who has installed and commisssioned the turbine along with the alternator.
03. We have called the manufacturer to the Works to check all the sources that can vent steam and reduce the wastage.
04. As per the suggestions made...
Thanks Mr byrdj,
01. This is NOT a condensing turbine.
02. This works with a backpressure of 3.5 Kg/cm2 gauge pressure.The LP steam comes out of the turbine at 250 Deg C.
03. The turbine insides, steam lines etc., will never come under vacuum.
04. My problem is very very excessive bleed off...
Questions may be very basic. Since the supplier is not willing to give the correct data, I am raising it in this forum.
01. What is the duty/purpose of Labyrinth seals is a steam turbine?
02. What should be the percentage leakage allowed through this labyrinth?
03. Is the leakage coming out...
To lairliq,
Let me place on record that natural gas is not used in any of the operations in this process. Sulfur + Oxygen in the air gives out SO2. There is no pilot flame/burner.
The alumina is regenerated by ambient air that is indirectly heated first by steam and subsequently by electrical...
Scorcher,
01. Sulfur purchase specs do not have water content as a clause. Water usually gets into the system during storage and handling.
02. You have stated that “””still expect to have some moisture in the sulfur “””” .Do they expect because of their past/present experience? OR do they have...
Dear ApC2kp
01. Yes, the economizer does have cold surface. The Boiler feed water at the inlet of the Economiser is at around 90 Deg C. We do collect liquid acid from the economizer.
02. Source of Hydrogen: Intermittent high and low moisture level in the inlet to the dessicant is very very...
Hi Graybeard,
01. The first thing to understand is “A thermocouple measures its own temperature”. It is least concerned with what is around it. It is our job to ensure that the thermocouple tip attains the temperature of the object whose temperature is to be measured.
02. A thermocouple picks...
Hello 25362,
we are draining this acid from the economiser, gas cooler etc. But we have never seen the concentration of acid to be above 80% or so. It is a slightly ash colored free flowing liquid. We checked the acid for corrosion by dropping MS plates. No severe corrosion was noticed. We have...
Dear cb4,
Dampener sizing is being checked with the supplier.
Does this "transient flashing in discharge" mean that the liquid is flashing out at the outlet of the throttle valve that releases the 40 Kg/cm2 press to almost atmospheric. It looks that you may be correct. We have a glass...
Dear jmw, thanks for recommending the site.
Dear cb4, The pump supplier has provided a so-called-dampener. Its volume is hardly 2500 cc ie 2.5 litres. In the discharge line the pressure max is 40 Kg/cm2 and the pressure minimum is atmospheric. Even if this small dampener is full of air, the air...
We are using a triplex plunger pump for pumping 23 cubic meter per hour of water at 40 Kg/cm2 discharge pressure. The suction is from a discharge of a centrifugal pump operating with a discharge press of 3 Kg/cm2 pressure. The flow fluctuation with this triplex pump will be ie Flow max divided...
There is no equipment problem. The sequence is simple and visible.
Atmospheric air is compressed to 6 psi, chilled to Plus 10 Deg c, the condensed water is drained off. This 10 Deg Saturated air is sent to activated alumina dryers to get MINUS 70 Deg C dew point air. This is the air used in...
Sulfur dioxide is the product for this plant and is made by burning Sulfur with air having a dew point lower than MINUS 60 Deg C.
A reliable SO2 gas analyzer is needed for measuring the composition of SO2 gas in
a)Vent stream. Range 0 to 5000 ppm v/v% (Temp 20 to 50 Deg C)
b)Process gas...
Dear Hacksaw,
Are u asking a serious question ?
The sulfur used is from a reputed refinery. It is not a directly mined powdery sulfur.
It is as yellow as any sulfur could be. It is not a powder sulfur. It is granular in shape ( spherical ) having an average diameter 3 to 5 mm.
Saxon,
The solid sulfur is melted and stored in molten sulfur feed tank at 120 Deg C. This sulfur at 120 Deg C cannot hold water. Molten sulfur is burnt with dry air to form SO2.
The only source of water is the moisture that can accompany the Minus 70 Deg c Dew point air.
Still that water in air...
The quality of as bought Sulfur, as analysed by an outside testing lab is as below:
Assay as purity(Dry basis) ---> 99.9%
Moisture ---> 0.07%. Ash -- > 0.04%.
Acidity ( H2SO4) ---> 0.002%
Once the sulfur is melted, the residual moisture in molten sulfur will be ZERO.
There is no leakage of...
*The saturation temp of 14% dry SO2 gas will be even less/lower than Minus 30 or 40 Deg C when the gas is at atmospheric pressure.
*Water vapor picking up SO2 gas to form acid rain is not possible, because the gas is in closed pipeline till it is consumed in the process.
* The question is how...
