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Acrylics, humidity, and warping

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MacGyverS2000

Electrical
Dec 22, 2003
8,504
A number of fellow associates are having issues with warping of colored acrylics, and we'd like to narrow down the exact cause (and solution). It is believed humidity is the issue, but unfortunately the effect does not appear to be transient.

The sheets are 4'x8' in size, and I believe are mostly extruded (I cannot say if any of the sheets are cast, though it may be possible with some colors). They are often ordered from suppliers cut down to 12"x24", and even over that small size have a bow in them of up to 1/2" edge-to-edge. We have ordered full sheets directly from the manufacturer, they show up straight as an arrow, and remain that way while sitting on the shelf... within 24 hours of removing the protective plastic the damn things are warped beyond use.

My question(s):
1) If humidity is the problem, how can we prevent it from warping the sheet (tests have been run in areas with dehumidifiers)?
2) Why does the warp occur? This happens with solid color sheets (it was initially believed the two-color sheets warped because one color absorbed more moisture), so shouldn't any expansion/contraction happen at equal rates on both sides? I assume if it's extruded there is a grain to the polymer chains, but that would be a length-versus-width change, not up-versus-down.
3) How can we avoid the warping in the first place? At least one has tried baking it in a drying oven, and it appears to work to a small degree, but it's not perfect, and few of us have such large ovens to play with.


Dan - Owner
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It's not moisture.

It is quite possibly residual stress from the extrusion process being relieved. You need a better supplier.

Regards
Pat
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One such manufacturer is Rowmark, a fairly well-known and large company. The materials show up from the suppliers (where the product may have been sitting on the shelf for months) warped, the materials show up from the manufacturer (right off of the line) straight as an arrow but warps within 24 hours of removing the protective coating.

Is the protective sheeting providing enough of a tensile force against residual manufacturing stress to keep the sheets straight?

I'll go through the communications between those of us who use the materials again and see if I have missed any details I didn't post here...

Dan - Owner
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I very much doubt it is moisture.

I very much doubt the protective coating has that sort of strength.

I can't explain the timing.

As far as I know, almost all sign quality acrylic sheet is now extruded or what they call continuous cast which is a fancy name for extruded and final stage polymerised in one go.

Acrylic sheet is extruded onto a set of rollers and squeezed between the rollers to control surface finish and thickness. If continuous cast the final stage of polymerisation occurs on the roller.

Regards
Pat
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Okay, I reread all communications "us manufacturers" had and asked for clarification on the points that were muddied with continual back-and-forth.

The full sheets (4'x8') were shipped in poly bags with desiccant. The sheets still in the poly bags remain dead straight. Only one side of the sheet is covered with the protective film. The bow appears to be worse in the direction perpendicular to the grain, along the 4' edge (I'm awaiting verification on this, and I'm assuming the sheet is extruded in 4' widths placing the grain along the 8' direction).

Dan - Owner
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Are the sheets stacked during shipping so the weight of the other sheets prevents warping?

I agree with Pat and Pud, water and any constraining effect of the protective layer are almost certainly not the explanation.

Chris DeArmitt PhD FRSC CChem

Consultant to the plastics industry
 
Also a stack of sheets with protective wrapping could stay warm a long time. It's probably best to make sure that the manufacturer gets them cooled all the way down while they are stacked to prevent warping. Then ship to you.

Chris DeArmitt PhD FRSC CChem

Consultant to the plastics industry
 
Chris,

You may have missed my last comment about the poly-bagged sheets remaining flat until they're removed and allowed to sit for a day. It's only a few sheets, and shipping is via UPS/FedEx, so however they choose to throw them on the truck.

Dan - Owner
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Thanks for clarifying that for me.

This is especially perplexing (Perspexing?) as I saw a TV show where they made hugely thick PMMA tunnels so people could walk in them under the water at e.g. Sea World. They were massive parts but close tolerances were achieved.

Chris DeArmitt PhD FRSC CChem

Consultant to the plastics industry
 
OK, a wag: Does the protective film contain any plasticisers? Just wondering if plasticiser migration into/out of the sheet is causing surface swelling and hence warping?

(I did say it was a wag!)

H

 
I can't imagine it would (to what purpose?), but this isn't my field of expertise. IPI is another manufacturer with this problem, but they are 10 times worse... most of us can't buy their products at any time of the year without it being warped, and this issue has only recently started affecting Rowmark on a more than "one chance in 50" rate.

Dan - Owner
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I sold Perspex brand cell cast acrylic sheet for many years in the 70s 80s era. Warping was never a problem

Protective cover then was paper and pressure sensitive adhesive. After that they went mostly to PE film covers.

If they now use PVC film it might contain plasticisers that might migrate and swell the acrylic, although I would consider that a real long shot.

Regards
Pat
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Humidity should not be a problem. Arylic windows stay flat. All the acrylic I have worked with stayed flat.

It sounds like you have low volumes. You made need a better distributor that can solve your problem. There should be someone in most major US cities supplying the sign shops with flat sheet to print on.

Are the sheets stored horizontally? Don't store them vertically.

Plascolite used to sell in small volumes but they might have grown to big for that.
 
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