321GO,
There are obviously many different materials used, based on the intended application, however I would say the most common are:
Body: Ductile Iron, Cast Iron, Cast Steel (WCB)
Stem: 416SS, 316SS
Disc: Ductile Iron w/ Nickel plating, Aluminum Bronze, 316SS, Nylon coated Ductile Iron, Teflon Coated WCB
Seat: Buna, EPDM, Viton, Teflon
there are many other configurations of course, exotic alloys and such, but the above are staples in the commodity market.