This question, in many variations, gets asked a lot here. There are a number of military personnel getting out of the service and wanting to get back into the hard engineering field.
I don’t think that a few years in the military would hurt anyone’s career. I do think that a lot of years in the military would be a determent to someone wanting to get back to hard engineering. (The time away from the cutting edge of technology and the vast differences between military and civilian administrative and management philosophy and techniques make the difference.)
A normal career will span 35 or more years. Five years is usually only just enough for someone to see what area of engineering they want to specialize in. The five-year military tour has given you a lot of things that normally cannot be taught. These are maturity, judgment, self-discipline, leadership and often the administrative functions of budgeting and cost control.
What a military person often does not experience is the hard design and engineering duties that a junior engineer spends his or her first few years doing. This can be overcome by showing a willingness to start at the bottom, taking some additional education and in the US working towards your PE. Your military experience and work ethic that the service instills will help you to regain your position relative to those who graduated with you and soon surpass them. Treat it as a military exercise and do your situation planning and tactical analysis.
Georgy, you do not say what country you are in but I am assuming the US because of the nuclear references. One benefit to the US military system is that there are a lot of people who do their tour of duty and then return to civilian life. Here in Canada military is more commonly a life long career.
It would not surprise me if in a lot of cases you were going to be interviewed by a fellow ex-serviceman. The more patriotic nature of US society will also help you since prospective employers will want to help a serviceman who did his duty for the country. Remember Jimmy Carter started out as a nuclear navy officer and look where he ended up, building houses for Habitat for Humanity with a couple interesting jobs along the way.
One thing to remember is that you are now out of the military. Often the military philosophy is based on a need for operational effectiveness on a battlefield. This means that cost is less of an object and that overwhelming force is often used to overrun obstacles. In civilian life cost is critical and you seldom have the resources to overwhelm any problem. You also will not have a manual for everything and will have to do a lot more for yourself. (i.e. the military has a full and complete personnel administrative manual, in private practice, especially the smaller firms this is often an ad hoc function.)
I know a lot of ex-servicemen who have told me that the hardest adjustment was having to decide what to wear in the morning.
Good Luck
Rick Kitson MBA P.Eng
Construction Project Management
From conception to completion