Piezoelectric Modeling of Cantilever Energy Harvester

[Astentine]

Hello everyone. New to the forum here trying to get some help.

I'm working as a graduate assistant at Penn State researching energy harvesting utilizing single crystal piezoelectric materials. I need some help modeling the piezoelectric effects in ABAQUS. I have a fully-working and validated mechanical model, however, when I try to output the electric potential from a base-excited cantilever beam system, I am getting values much lower than experiment. Also, if I double the d31 parameter, my voltage drops, which should not occur. The voltage should increase.

So far I have the piezoelectric elements, the d31 and d33 properties, the permittivities, and a simplified isotropic elastic condition defined.

I would greatly appreciate it if anyone has any insight on how to obtain electric potential from a electromechanical model.

Thanks in advance!