steel grades and standards 2

[cagrisever]

Hi,
I'm new in steel business. What is the difference between steel grades and standards?
I'd also appreciate if you could recommend the best cross reference between standards of different countries.
Many thanks.

 

[TVP]

A grade is an individual steel alloy identified by its chemical composition. A standard is a document that is created to specify requirements. One such standard for steel chemical composition is SAE J403. Within the standard SAE J403 there are many different steel grades listed, such as 1010, 1045, 1213, etc.

The best sources of cross-reference information on steels are Stahlschl[ü]ssel and ASM's Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels. Perform a search of this site for links to purchase these references.

 

[EdStainless]

There are a number of different grade designation systems, as well as many different standards bodies.
You need to know which ones are the most common in your industry.
In the US the major stadards organisations are ASTM, SAE, and ASME.

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[panduru]

When there are many of them, how can we call them Standards ?

 

[NickE]

panduru- Becasue oftentime the standard applies to a particular enduse, or particular service type. (IE: SAE AMS MIL) Thus standardized by that. Other standards apply to particular contries, (IE: ASTM JIS Werkstoff DIN GOST) Thus standardizing by print writing. My company much like many others also has internal standards that our suppliers must comply to.


Nick
I love materials science!

 

[panduru]

Very true. But there are several overlaps and cross-references. Also, some standards span geographic boundaries and some locations have several standards prevalent at the same time.

Heat exchangers used to be governed by HTRI/ HEI/ TEMA. But now ASME VIII/1 rules, and I hear that TEMA is no longer to be followed. Of course, certain sections of TEMA are still necessary in design.

There are cross-references between ASME-BPV and API Standards, right?

Certain countries/ regions of a country have their own local legislation/ regulations concurrently[/] running with national and international standards.

Like that was not enough, there are instances where it is debated if a particular standard is applicable for the particular equipment or a component of the equipment.

 

[panduru]

Btw, is it true that certain grades of steel are designated differently under different Standards? Same material, different names. I heard so.

 

[NickE]

panduru- what you say is true, maybe its just an effect of the way people work.

Then again it may be sort of a litmus test. By finding out if a young metallurgist is capable of learning, using, interpreting, and X-referencing the different specs/standards, it may highlight their eventual abilities/strengths, while providing a means for uncovering their weaknesses.




Nick
I love materials science!

 

[halfa]

i am working as researcher asst. in egypt, my reasearch point related to new low nickel coblat free maraging steel please this steels standardized ?if , yes please help me to finid this standard.
yours
hossam

 

[panduru]

@halfa:
It would have been better if you posted this in a separate new thread.

Btw, this may interest you.

Ayman Fathy, Hoda El Faramawy, Taha Mattar & Wolfgang Bleck:
“Phase transformation of new low-nickel cobalt-free maraging steels”, I Intl Conf Treatment & Props Steel, TIMS, El-Tibeen, Cairo, Egypt, November 11th -13th, 2001.

Perhaps, you could contact Steel Technology Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, Helwan, Cairo.

 

[EdStainless]

Some of the standards/naming confusion is the result of NIH (not invented here), peopel feeling that local material is better. Some of it is done as a barrier to entry into markets or industries.
Most of it however is simply a lack of foresight. People didn't plan on the materials being used around the world for many different industries.
The use of UNS numbers for alloy designation is a step in the right direction.

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Rust never sleeps
Neither should your protection

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[Mech151]

>>I'd also appreciate if you could recommend the best cross reference between standards of different countries.

For standards cross reference, and definition of chemical/physical properties, I really like

http://my.metalinfo.com

There is a subscription fee, but we have found it to be well worth the cost.

 

[EdStainless]

I own four, make that five, cross references.
You have to start with the UNS book. It lists all alloys and has excellent spec cross ref in the back.

http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/BOOKSTORE/PUBS/1007.htm?L+mystore+szrf2336

(print only is half of the price)

I also have Stahlschlussel. I don't upate it each year, but as long as it is only a few years old it is fine.

http://www.asminternational.org/Tem...=Ecommerce/ProductDisplay.cfm&ProductID=12214

In addition there is 'Handbook of Comparitive World Steel Standards'. This book has been revised and is very useful.

http://www.astm.org/cgi-bin/SoftCart.exe/BOOKSTORE/PUBS/1009.htm?L+mystore+szrf2336

Another good ref is the 'Worldwide Guide to Equivalent Irons and Steels'.

http://www.asminternational.org/Tem...=Ecommerce/ProductDisplay.cfm&ProductID=11476

The fifth is Woldmans, of course. This venerable reference is not often needed, but sure can save your butt. It is the only one organized by tradename.

http://www.asminternational.org/Tem...=Ecommerce/ProductDisplay.cfm&ProductID=10331

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Rust never sleeps
Neither should your protection

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