Survey coordinate systems

[KJAlberta]

Just got a new Topcon FC100 controller and 8203 total station.
When setting up a new job in the controller, I am always given the opportunity to set up a coordinate system by choosing a "projection" (for example "Zone114W").
I am also given the opportunity to choose "Grid to ground" and "Geoid" coordinates.
I have never used anything but a straight cartesian coordinate system and am wondering if I should be converting my surveys in any way, shape or form in order to improve accuracy and maintain consistancy with the legal surveys.
Could someone please explain these terms as they relate to total station surveying?

I am a civil engineering technologist working in the earthworks, land development and road construction fields, and the sites are typically no larger than 400 sq.m.

Thanks a lot.

 

[flamby]

While dealing with lands of 400 sq m., civil engineers hardly need to bother about projection system. Your cartesian system that you are using is perfect.

The projection system is different only because it maps the elliptical earth to a flat plane by "projecting" as if there is a flash bulb inside the earth core. So it makes sense to those who map Canada, not the one toiling within 400 sq. m.

Ciao.