KllrWolf: We've tried conductive paints and have found a colloidal silver paint that seems to work ok. That in itself only prolongs issue until we see the rusting. Perhaps it's not an ideal solution because we are seeing Galvanic corrosion between the carbon steel shaft and silver particles? Sacrificial wear layer to me needs to do more to protect shaft from rusting until it is worn through than be conductive as I don't necessarily have to paint whole shaft. I could say paint only half the shaft, so that at beginning the unpainted half provide conductivity. Then as unpainted section becomes conductive, hopefully I've worn through the protecting sacrifical layer on the other half and now have a "like new" section of shaft that is now conductive.
SnTMan: It's just abrading a plain Carbon steel shaft. My guess is that as it abrades the surface it exposes fresh Iron which then rusts by reacting with the air giving you an iron oxide Fe2O2, Fe2O3, etc.. Moisture in air is probably only source of any water present, but I have no control over customers environment and be tough sell to try to convince them to control the environment.
dhengr: Can't modify portion of our part that rides on shaft due to how it works and proprietary processing methods already developed around it that require use of the specific material (I apologize for being vague on what material abrading shaft is, that part is proprietary to company, but lets just say it's really really hard).
I don't think we get any real polishing taking place due to very low normal force between our part and shaft. As mentioned earlier wear over 6 months is less than .0001 inches. I have a suspicion that the "micro-abrasion" may be doing something to surface level grain structure in some way. We've discussed collars, but that then becomes a maintenance item. Also opens us up to any galvanic corrosion between collar and shaft as most likely would want collar to be either hard chrome coated or stainless due to the wearing issue.