wormhhh88
Chemical
- Mar 10, 2009
- 3
hi, there:
what does ACME stand for? for example, what is a ACME connection 3'1/4? Thanks for your help.
what does ACME stand for? for example, what is a ACME connection 3'1/4? Thanks for your help.
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acme screw thread: A standard thread having a profile angle of 29o and a flat crest; used on power screws in such devices as automobile jacks, presses, and lead screws on lathes. Also known as acme thread.
In 1864 American William Sellers introduced a different thread form with an even 60º angle and flattened apex and base. This eventually became the American National Standard thread, with both coarse (N.C.) and fine (N.F.) threads. Many other threads, such as the Acme thread, were also being developed and touted at the same time. Some styles had square or other-shaped threads. The sharp, flat surfaces of the Sellers and other new threads reflected the changing technologies of bolt-making using lathes or dies, and departed from the more rounded “U” shape of the old threads made with a screw plate. They were also less prone to misalignment or cross threading.
Meanwhile in continental Europe, various Metric thread standards were being developed. For example, the German Loewenherz used a thread angle of 53º, 8 minutes and the Swiss Thury thread had an angle of 47-½ º. Eventually the Europeans, led by France and Germany, also adopted the 60º angle, but while American Sellers threads had flat bases and apexes, and the British Whitworth had rounded bases and apexes, the European metric threads had a flat apex and round base! Practical standardization would not come until the 20th century.
As the age of steamships became firmly established, navies tried to standardize screw threads, with mixed success. In 1901-2 the American Society of Mechanical Engineers proposed a standard for machine screw thread sizes in the United States, based on the Sellers system, which they adopted in 1905. Other sizes, as well as old fasteners and the tools to make them, continued in use, however, in both old and new construction. By the mid-20th century there were at least eight different “standard” thread systems in use in the English-speaking world alone. Better than no standards but still cumbersome! As a result of the incompatibility of replacement parts during World War II, many major companies in Britain, the United States, and Canada agreed to adopt a Unified Thread Standard for new products, eliminating at least some confusion. Europeans and some Asian countries also moved towards more uniform Metric standards after the war.
In 1947 the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) was founded. This worldwide, non-governmental organization has representatives from most countries. Its aim is to develop standards for almost everything, to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services, and foster scientific research. In 1963-4 the ISO adopted international standards for both Metric and inch screw threads. While most of the world now uses the Metric system, for many applications the United States continues to stubbornly cling to English measurement. The ISO, the ASME, and other such organizations continue to meet regularly to review and sometimes change standards. Sometimes they do indeed change. For example, the standard ½ inch NC thread was 14 threads per inch in the early 20th century, whereas today it is 13 t.p.i.