In the old days it was a 4 inch grid, in all 3 dimensions. Full size drawings of the car were layed out on these grids.
The origin was somewhere in front of the car, car centre line, , and somewhere below ground level, in at least one car company.
Nowadays the location of the origin is still anybodies guess, but at least we've settled on x as longitudianl, y as lateral, and z vertical, with a 100 mm grid, although of course the grid as such is much less important now.
Cheers
Greg Locock