EN13001 - stresses arising from local effects

Dears,
I would like to ask your interpretation of the "stresses arising from local effects" that should be added the stresses of load effects, then this sum is compared with the allowable stress, defined in Figure 3 or chapter 4.2.7.2 of EN13001-1.

Second point is about the statement of "for proof that yielding" should we understand that as a criterion ?

Thanks in advance for any support