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NEC Code requirements: Are all really necessary?

controlnovice

Electrical
Jul 28, 2004
976
I've used the NEC for a good 20 years of my career, but the last 10-12 years or so, I really haven't had the need. My use of it was for industry, not residential, so I really don't know everything that's required for residential.

A few months ago, I wanted to help my father replace his push-o-matic breaker box in his 50 yr old home. It's a 100a panel...it's not the manufacturer that was recalled 10-15 years ago. I didn't have time to attempt a go myself, so we called a few contractors for estimates. Due to the code (outside of Chicago), it would have cost over $3500! and more if the utility wire needed changed. He's in a 1200sqft home.

All the contractors said it was because of the code requirements in that county:

  • Must upgrade to 200a panel.
    • May need to upgrade the 100ft of underground cable and conduit from the transformer
  • Need a disconnect on the outside.
  • Need to test the ground and may need another ground rod a certain distance away.
  • Need to 'fix' the common neutrals by using double pole breakers where needed (not too big a deal)
  • Need arc fault breakers.
  • All new construction requires a 240V outlet in garage for car charger (Not needed in his case, but interesting)
It got to the point where we decided not to make the change. So, now, he'll have the push style breakers, which are antique, and may not trip when needed, which causes more of a hazard. He doesn't have that kind of money to put into it.

How many others aren't doing upgrades for this reason? Or making a 'change in kind' type of replacement without a permit?

How many of these code requirements are at the request or insistence of manufacturers and/or contractors? For example, I know in the city of Chicago, all residential wiring must be in conduit. This is only because the union wanted it to be able to charge more. No wonder the average price of homes is now over $400k!
 
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Must upgrade to 200A panel.
There are a lot of manufacturers represented on the Code Committees, but no home owners/buyers.
Case in point;
Rural Alberta;
100 Amp panel with no main breaker.
To upgrade would require a 200 Amp panel with a main breaker.
Several hundreds of feet of underground cable to upgrade.
Rural residential services are on demand billing.
The demand is not measured but rather limited by a Utility installed breaker.
The house had: 3 Hp deep well pump, 2 HP sewage pump-out, electric clothes drier, electric range, refrigerator, freezer, micro-wave. dishwasher, clothes washer and of course lighting.
The utility installed breaker? 35 Amps.
Never tripped in over 10 years.
 
You cannot apply common sense and logic to the code provisions. You can, however, submit proposed revisions.
 
There is a difference between "new construction" and "refurbishing / replacing existing equipment". Yes, new construction requires ALL those things, because modern homes have a high proportion of electrical load compared to homes built before 1980. As it happens, even an "old" (e.g. 1980s vintage) 200A panel would require replacement in today's world due to the arc flash concerns and availability of internal components. I know - my home was built in 1908, and electric upgraded (by second owners) in early 1980s. When I became the third owner in 2021, I started looking at upgrading the system again (because I'm upgrading/replacing a fair bit of the plumbing anyway).

Listed cost to replace the existing 200 A panel with a modern one, re-run about 400 feet of (inside-the-house) wiring to put proper grounds in some rooms that were previously served by two-wire and add five GCFI receptacles runs about $US 1800 (with me doing the work). The house is a two-story farmhouse; there is also an unattached garage/workshop roughly 100 ft from the main house that is served by a separate 200 A service, but that's a whole other story.
 
I haven't checked recent amendments but older Canadian Codes allowed legacy, ungrounded receptacles to be grounded to a nearby good ground. eg: Metallic plumbing.
The older code also allowed legacy ungrounded receptacles to be protected by a GFCI.
 
Local jurisdiction and utilities often have requirements that are not actually part of the NEC. I suspect some of the things the contractor said were required are based on what he considers best practices not necessarily code requirements.

I'd suggest discussing with his local building department and electrical inspector to see how they approach NEC complicance for retrofits. Generally, if replacing "like for like" you aren't required to bring the entire electrical system up to the current NEC. But that's ultimately up to the local inspector.
 
Basically the same rule, different interpretations.
A friend was selling a house. She got a low-ball offer as the main panel was mounted horizontally.
The prospective buy claimed that it would cost $10,000 to bring th panel up to code.
Included in the offer was an excerpt from the NC and several examples from DIY websites.
The rule;
Basically that "switches must be mounted so that gravity will tend to open them".
What's the problem?
The house was in Canada.
The equivalent rule in Canada:
Mounting of knife switches
(1) Single-throw knife switches shall be mounted with their bases in a vertical plane.
(2) Single-throw knife switches shall be mounted so that gravity will not tend to close them.
In Canada this rule is not applied to circuit breakers.
In Canada it is common practice to mount main panels horizontally.
This is often done in low headroom locations to comply with the mechanical damage rule. (Abovee 5 Ft or 1.5 m.)
 

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