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  1. lejam

    Open Ended Columns on Roof

    Why would anyone have to move out when shoring for any roof slab when the floor supporting it is open to the skies. The reason nothing is put yet is because it is not yet certain if the top floor will be used at all and only months later would we know. Of course we don't pay taxes until...
  2. lejam

    Concrete Nail

    Thank you.
  3. lejam

    Concrete Nail

    I'm not talking about a 12mm concrete nail but a 3mm concrete nail that will make a 12 mm hole in the concrete and 1 inch deep. How easy is it to make such hole?
  4. lejam

    Concrete Nail

    If you would use a concrete nail to make a one inch deep 12mm hole in a concrete, how long would it take in your experience (let's say the concrete mix is 4000 psi)? What strength (in psi) before the concrete nail can no longer be a concrete nail (meaning impregnable)? And what's make a...
  5. lejam

    Open Ended Columns on Roof

    If you would temporary put weak cement-sand in the 0.5 meter open bars, how many bags of sands and cement in your experience so you can easily just remove it a year or two later with just light hammering?
  6. lejam

    Open Ended Columns on Roof

    Spray with anti-rust paint? But would the seismic resistance be better if beams would be added now to the columns or no difference if open ended at the 3rd level? Could adding beams now act like bracing? This is because longspan metal sheet may be used instead of roof slab one year or so from now.
  7. lejam

    Open Ended Columns on Roof

    brianc, it's concrete column and they will be left open ended for a year
  8. lejam

    Open Ended Columns on Roof

    A building was designed for 3 storeys with concrete roof slab. What if the beams and slabs of the roofslab won't be put yet but the 3 meter columns already arise that is open ended (without any beam connections on top of it). Is there any bad effects for this?
  9. lejam

    elevator cores & main columns/beams

    Say you have a 3 storey house or storey building and it was built 5 years ago and you wanna add an elevator. What do you guys usually do? Add columns to support it or do you built an isolated box concrete wall to support it or box steel frames? What is usually done in such case?
  10. lejam

    elevator cores & main columns/beams

    Can the box core wall system support the elevator itself or does it needs separate columns from the core (or box)? How does human elevator differ to car elevator in terms of structural support? Just need an idea. Thanks a lot.
  11. lejam

    elevator cores & main columns/beams

    I mean structure that supports the elevator. For low rise buildings where it is not originally design for elevator and only stairs are present and the building already finished. Is it hard to add an elevator? Can the box core be independent to support the elevator cart? Just want some idea...
  12. lejam

    elevator cores & main columns/beams

    Hi, has anyone designed elevator for low-rise such as 3-storey where the weight of the elevator is carried by the main beams and columns and not its own box core?
  13. lejam

    parking live load (psf)

    Office space is 50psf. Commercial space is 100 psf. A car is much heavier than a person. Isn't 50 psf quite low? Why, How much does a car weigh?
  14. lejam

    parking live load (psf)

    what is the usual live load of parking spaces in pound per square foot (for second floor)?
  15. lejam

    seismic behavior of basement parking under rock

    Doesn't anyone know the answer to this or can comment?
  16. lejam

    Stone Adhesive

    What if you use pure A & B epoxy adhesive in attaching the 15 psf stone to the wall of the second floor above the entrance of ground floor? Would it attach better as bond strength is supposed to be on the order of above 2000 psi?
  17. lejam

    seismic behavior of basement parking under rock

    It is very common for buildings to have basements.. even multiple basements to cover multi-level parkings. And in many places. The soil are hard rock and they have to drill into the ground. What I wonder is the surrounding rocks are grade level and the buildings let's say have 3 basements...
  18. lejam

    Poisson's expansion strength

    Thanks BA, But the purpose of concrete jacket retrofitting is to resist the transverse strain... which is very small amount... do you think they can effectively do that? All concrete jackets have longitudinal bars at the ends and stirrups just like that of a column but it is wrapped to the...
  19. lejam

    Poisson's expansion strength

    I have thought of that initially. But Poisson's ratio is ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain. Not the stress ratio. What's your proof that the relationship modulus=stress/strain supports Poisson's ratio = transverse stress/axial stress? I don't see this being use. Only transverse...

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