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Have not used grillage as a diaphragm, but we use horizontal trusses all the time to "act" as a diaphragm and transfer lateral load to the vertical resisting elements like moment frames, braced frames, or shear walls. Certainly grillage could be designed in a similar manner as horizontal trusses...

phamENG - Got it. I thought you were debating whether or not you had an obligation to entertain the change (presumably the change request was made after you fulfilled your contractual obligations?). I don't think it is a reasonable request for anybody to ask you to drop everything and come put...

Either method will work. If you want to reduce the edge prep and welding, size either the beam or the columns to be smaller than the other such that you can fillet weld one them together. Otherwise you will end up with flare bevel, PJP, or CJP welds everywhere.

I guess I see this as more of a pretty clear cut issue. If the client calls and requests a clarification on your design or asks you to fix an error in your design, then you certainly have a duty to oblige. But if the client is requesting a change that someone other than you initiated, this is...

There is no correlation between the axial load and a lateral load on a pile, it depends on your structure. You could have a pile with 100k axial + 1k lateral load. You could have a pile with 1k axial + 100k lateral load. There are several approximate methods of structural analysis that you...

Seems to me like they are creating their own load combinations. Load combinations are usually pretty clear on the combinations of events that structures should be designed for. I think both stipulations are ridiculous... 1.Are you expecting a maintenance worker to know (and care) that he/she...

If I was paying somebody thousands of dollars a year out of my own pocket to serve as a structural engineer, I'd like to know what I'm getting (or not getting) for my money. Engineering is a technical profession. As such, there are expectations of technical competence whether the candidate is 1...

Not sure if this will help, but this is what a Google search turned up. https://onlinepubs.trb.org/Onlinepubs/sr/sr185/185-038.pdf If this issue is not addressed by AASHTO or other widely known reference standard, I don't think your spec is a fair ask of the contractor. There is no precedence...

You could create two beam models.....one using a continuous beam and one using an internal hinge at each splice location. You should be able to demonstrate the difference by comparing the moment and deflection diagrams.

Maybe I am not understanding this correctly, but if the "camber" is achieved with (I assume) bolted splices, this does not work. What you end up with is a series of short beams daisy chained together that will give the appearance of camber, but due only to the beam sagging as a result of "slop"...

Cold joint is an older term that is not very accurate. "Cold" implies a hardened concrete surface but gives no clue as to whether or not the pour was stopped intentionally. Was it intended to be a construction joint that was planned and properly formed? Was the pour stopped midway due to an...

I agree that if this thread was intended to be posted in the Professional Ethics forum, I'm not seeing the ethical issue. To answer your question, take a look at the IEBC. It clearly spells out how new, upgrade, repair, renovation, etc are defined and what is required for each case. However, if...

When I read the title of this thread, I thought this was going to be a discussion on the buckling of wood shear walls[sad]

In traditional spread footing design, it is almost never used. The only exception I could think of is if you are designing your column base for partial fixity and allowing some rotation of the base (some where between a fixed and pinned end). Other than that, its used mostly for slab on grade...

I am not familiar with these inspections, but it seems like a good idea given the recent performance history of such structures. Are these inspections made during or after construction? (What is "Phase 2"?) Who/where defines the milestones?

I have found that not everything is as "black and white" as we'd like to think. For example, something as mundane as a beam's end fixity seems pretty straight forward, but is always a topic of debate when the numbers don't work out. Hell, there's been countless threads on here that debate the...

OP - I've embedded Nelson studs into the top of a wall, but never into the side of a CMU wall. How does one do that, can you share your original detail?

Uplift is a serviceability issue, not a strength issue so you should be using ASD load combinations.

Simple....ask to be paid for a few hours of your time to prepare your quote/proposal. If he's not willing to pay you a few bucks and pay for your time, that means he does not value your time and wants a freebie. If thats the case, its a clear indication to pass on this one.

Without diving into nuances of the code, I think the prudent thing to do is to update per the code. Alot of changes in our knowledge of seismic design have occurred over the last 30 years. Its not like were debating IBC 2018 vs IBC 2021. That said, you can expect the owner to disagree on the...