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LOL, I guess if a hill descends towards a ridge, then it wouldn't be a ridge any more. NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

A few years ago I worked on a 1400 deg. F stainless steel piping system that we were required to maintain a minimum slope cold and during all operating scenarios. Due to thermal expansion, we had to specify different installed slopes for each leg of the system so it always had at least the...

Something to consider when buying a program is the support that you have available for the software. CAESAR II has support pretty much 24-7. You can call them, e-mail them or post your problems on their discussion forums for the world to help you. I had an experience about a year ago with a...

Yes, the values in Appendix A of B31.1-2004 already include the joint efficiency factor. NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

SNORGY, As a CAESAR user, I've never incounterd a wall thickness warning on just elbows when the same properties (including wall thickness, C.A., mill tolerance, etc.) are the same. Do you have rolled plate pipe with a 0.01" M.T. and 12.5% on your fittings? I've had problems with that...

If your Pipe Material and your Fitting Material have the same allowable stresses and the same physical properties, why do you switch the materials back and forth in your computer model? If you quit doing this, that will eliminate your problem. NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

I find that with friction, manytimes forces on nozzles go up and moments reduce. NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

For my two cents worth on Friction, below is an excerpt from the Stress Criteria that I wrote on the philosopy for friction to be used on a recent project. Loads due to friction are transient and only occur when the pipe slides on its support, usually during thermal expansion or contraction...

TTits, I don't think any codes govern this. My experience (30 years of it) is that each owner/operator/client has their own rules for line numbering. Typically line numbers do not change after a reduction of pipe, but on my current project, the client is requesting this and it's the first...

I assume the piping conduit would weld to the flange hubs. Bolt up the flanges and your unit will not accept any kind of movement, expansion, contraction or lateral. While it may tolerate some flange misalignment, it is not any kind of expansion joint, just a flange connection with an alternate...

dmstron, You say that it can be used as an expansion joint and can used as an expansion and contraction joint for stress movements. I'm certainly not seeing that from the picture and sketch. Can you elaborate on that? NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

Don't confuse the requirements for design, "the most severe conditions of coincident pressure and temp shall be used to determine the design condition", as the conditions to be used for flexibility analysis. The design condition as defined above establishes the basis for flange rating and piping...

Back to Solar Radiation Temperatures....... I'm currently working on a project in offshore Norway and the client has asked us to use NORSOK Standard L-002. In that standard, they tell you to use an installation temp. of 4 deg. C and use 60 deg. C for solar radition for exposed piping. A...

Jorge, When you get an updated copy, be sure to keep your old one for reference. It still applies to work done when it was valid. Since 1980, allowable stresses have changed several times in Appendix A. Most of the changes have occurred for alloys (Chrome alloys for sure) and Stainless Steel...

What I've seen used is a stiff wire brush and elbow grease. NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

jorgefherrero, The Superduplex S32750 and S32760 are both listed in my ASME B31.3, ver 2004 and 2006 under ASTM A790 and grades above. I didn't check for other ASTM standards. I can't hlep you with the 904L though having never heard of it. Also, you are correct, the stress values in ASME...

If you are using Pipe of the following standards: ASTM A-53, Gr. B ASTM A106, Gr. B, There are others but above is most common. then, ASTM A-234, Gr. WPB is the normal wrought fitting specification for Reducers, BW Elbows, Welding Tee's etc. ASTM A-105 is the normal forged fitting...

Refer to ASME B31.3 for the catagories and definitions. NozzleTwister Houston, Texas

Dj364, Experience: Refineries, 500-600 deg. F., 6" or 8" NPS piping is about the limits that I've used this type of configuration. You scare me with the '2x90 elbow' term, I think you're talking about back to back elbows making a 180 turn, I don't do that. Normally you'd come out of the pump...

I'm giving you a star Mrbobbyjoe for actually looking at your analysis results and trying to make sense from them. You'd be surprised how many don't. CAESAR II has an excellent hanger sizing module with a lot of user controlled options that allows you to have CAESAR size your spring exactly the...