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The gradient temperature loading is assigned to full thickness of shell elements from bottom of shell to top of shell.

hi! in Edit Menu, Choose Interactive database editing, then choose tables and press OK. In new opened window and with using the button "To Excel" and "From Excel" you can interactive data between excel and sap.

Thank you so much for your worthwhile help.

You can use the finite element method to achieve rebar area per length and manually calculate required rebars. if it is not convenient, you can define a rebar with 1e-6 ( approximately zero ) diameter and then assign it to top or bottom rebars. then you can reach to required reinforcement in...

it means that although the type of soil under a foundation can be similar in every place, but modulus of soil is different ?! in our soil investigation report, it reported an exclusive Ks (subgrade modulus) for one foundation (according to its width). Is soil report incomplete ? or different...

Excuse me very much for interference! As dear Chekra said, M11, M22, M21 and tension or compression affects on slab design. the horizontal loads affects on slab designs only when it transform to a moment on slab. Considering the height of horizontal loads and transforming it to moment can't be...

First thing that you should keep in mind is which your structure shall has no uplift more than 25% (see your standard) of foundation dimensions. also overturning of foundation shall be checked ( also sliding ). however uplift and its calculations need a nonlinear uplift analysis. keeping...

in structure design procedures, (according to standards) we analyse and design the structure in two main direction; but it is really happened in real world?! of course not. it's so probable that earthquake occur in an oblique direction. so with calculating and designing structures in Ex+0.3Ey...

hi you can easily model the piles into soil in SAP2000. you can use frame element as a pile. then you should assign soil properties and its effect on pile. To do this, use the link/support property elements (Define>Section Properties>Link/Support Properties) with the type of Multilinear elastic...

i have a simple question about SAP2000 or safe in foundation modeling and analysis. below picture shows the settlement profile and soil pressure of various kinds of foundations in different soil conditions. question : what is the presumption of safe (SAP2000) in foundation modeling?! i think...