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Late to the discussion but here is some additional information: UT works on the reflection of waves at interfaces. How much is reflected is based on the difference in acoustic impedance of the material. Acoustic impedance= {density of the material} x {velocity of the wave in the material}...

The orignal question was on increased cost. My cost info from July for unfabricated materials was: 2205 - $4.5 / lb, 2304 - $3.5 / lb, 316 - $3.5 / lb, 304 - $3.15 / lb, This should get you in at least the parking lot of the ball park.

Let me clarify that when I said shell I was referring to the pressure containing pipe that the Teflon would line not the shell of a pressure vessel.

Teflon lined piping would be my first choice. The shell can be carbon steel (painting issues, flange up keep), stainless or fiberglass (more expensive upfront, but depending on the size and operating environment may have a better life cycle cost).

If it is at elevated temperatures then these coating help to cut down on the radiation portion of the heat transfer: www.mascoat.com

Silicone Coatings such as: Carboline Thermaline 4700 http://www.carboline.com/website/carbmsds.nsf/(all)/A86E188D77E10F008525705A00434C19/$file/Thermaline+4700+&+Alum+PDS+11-04.pdf

The wetout properties of the reinforcement/resin will be critical. All you have to do is look at laminate made with chopped glass with too much starch on the fibers and compare that to a roving that has no starch and wets out almost invisibly.

Some rough rules of thumb that you can use to check the thicknesses provided: 1. The weld thickness at least that of hand layup pipe and 25% thicker than filament wound for the same diameter. 2. For 150 psi rated pipe the width should be the larger of 8" or the nominal diameter (i.e. 12"...

Having personally inspected numerous chlorate tanks, I can tell you that it is common for the barcols to increase after being put into service. Most chlorate tanks are not post cured prior to being placed into service. Most Sodium Chlorate tanks (and especially those used for unloading...

For this application the best way forward is to just paint a little bit of the machine on each field day. Pressure wash the area to be painted. Use needle guns to clean the surface (soda blast, and dry ice are not as effective per our testing). Dry just the area to be painted, use plastic...

Pete: The following inspections can be performed: 1. External Visual (physical damage) 2. Internal Visual (physical damage or corrosion) 3. Barcol hardness (indication of chemical attack when compared to original installation) 4. Ultrasonic thickness (thickness if inner surface is no...

You should look at Strongwell (formerly MMFG) which can produce pultruded I-Beams up to 24". If I recall correctly they developed the large sizes for an NIST grant for offshore floating platforms where corrosion and weight were critical. Maybe you could get some strength and $ information on...

In addition to the bend radius for the pipe, keep in mind that socket (adhesive bonded) joints are weaker in bending as the adhesive is put into a peel condition.

If the pressure is less than 150 psi, I would strongly consider FRP (epoxy, or vinyl ester) with butt and strap or mechanical joints (no socket/ adhesive bonded)

Corrosionman: AE must be performed by an experienced, qualified, & certified inspector. I am not sure what was the cause for the mixed results, but the fact that AE is a mandatory inspection technique for ASME Section X code vessels. I think that the fact that you presented AE as an option...

Corrosionman: SEM - Scanning electron microscopy. It allows you to look at surface that has topography. The magnification needed to look at the glass is in the range of 600x to 1200x, which can not be done with optical microscopy without polishing the surface into a very flat plane, which...

Two concerns: 1. Is it just the resin that is being attacked or the glass being attacked as well. With an unknown chemical it could be NaOH which would work to dissolve the glass, or HCl which could cause stress corrosion cracking. This can not be determined without examining the glass under...

The butt and strap should be used for all sizes. While the pressures you have stated are possible with any system, they are not advised in FRP systems due to the joints. Many of the major users of FRP (petrochem, pulp & paper) only allow butt and strap in pressure applications. This is from...

Have you thought of using DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and look at the onset of the Tg? It would not be subject to the concerns raised by Rich Geoffroy. This is what I usually use as a comparator to HDT. I am working with thermosetting plastics.

I assume with the low temperature stated(140°F), that there is a wet scrubber just prior to the stack. This is going to mean lots of wet hot air. We are an end user, and have many stacks that are made of only FRP. Overall we have had good success with these. However, we have two stacks...