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Yes, this is performed when shoring the girders is not feasible in order not to block the traffic under the bridge. The girder is reinforced while a portion of the bridge remains operational.

Please refer to the sketch below on a case where the filler plate with big holes is used. Sometimes, the fillers are used with big holes (assumed as slotted holes) to reinforce existing built-up girders. This is done by adding a filler plate having a thickness exceeding the rivet head thickness...

Hi, The bolt slip resistance in slip-critical connections is Rn/Ω = [μ Du hf Tb ns /Ω] per Eq. J3-4 of AISC 360-16. For the splice shown below: (1) What should I use for (hf)? Is there one filler between the connected parts (hf = 1.0)? Or are there two fillers between the connected parts (hf =...

Hi, The bolt slip resistance in slip-critical connections is Rn/Ω = [μ Du hf Tb ns /Ω] per Eq. J3-4 of AISC 360-16. For the splice shown below: (1) What should I use for (hf)? Is there one filler between the connected parts (hf = 1.0)? Or are there two fillers between the connected parts (hf...

Thank you; so the occupancy load directly supported on the slab on grade (like people, furniture, non-bearing walls, partitions, fixtures) are not considered as "vertical loads" to be transmitted by the slab. As such, the Code does not apply to the design and construction of such a slab on...

Section 20.2.1.1 of ACI 318-14 states that "Nonprestressed bars and wires shall be deformed, except plain bars or wires are permitted for use in spirals." However, I saw in many projects that they use welded wire mesh with smooth wires in concrete toppings and composite metal decks. Is the use...

Section 1.4.7 of ACI 318-14 states the following "This Code does not apply to design and construction of slabs-on-ground, unless the slab transmits vertical loads or lateral forces from other portions of the structure to the soil." Could someone please explain to me what is meant by vertical...

Thank you Just Some Nerd. I found this article which provides two methods for determining and assigning the scale factor. I believe the second method is what you referred to. https://www.thestructuralworld.com/2019/05/24/2-methods-on-how-to-scale-base-shear-in-etabs/

Thank you, much appreciated.

I appreciate your quick reply. I tend to share the same interpretation of this AREMA requirement. I'm curious if there is any documentation in AREMA or other relevant sources that offers a precise definition of the "elements" in a bolted built-up girder. I need to cite this information in the...

In AREMA, there is this requirement about splicing the flange of a flexural member "No two elements in the same flange shall be spliced at the same cross section". So, for a bolted built-up girder whose flange consists of 3 cover plates: my question is what is meant by element? Like are all 3...

I believe it's a good question for Hilti Technical support. I believe they should be able to answer this.

Thank you

Thank you, but unfortunately, it didn't work as I couldn't see the load combinations in there as well.

How do we define the "Scale Factor" in the Response Spectrum Case? I looked into the ETABS documentary and I found two different answers (one is saying to use gravitational acceleration (g) as the scale factor; and the other one is saying to use (I.g/R) and then adjust it based on the static...

Hi, Is there a way in SAP2000 to sort the load combinations? The load combinations are always sorted by the time I added them. However, I want to sort them alphabetically based on the combo name I provided. I'm using SAP2000 v.23.3.1. Thanks.

In ACI 318-14, the commentary to Section 11.3.1.1 states the following: "The minimum thickness requirements need not be applied to bearing walls and exterior basement and foundation walls designed by 11.5.2 or analyzed by 11.8." So, does this mean that the minimum wall thickness requirement is...

In built-up plate girders, if the web is of grade 36 ksi and the flanges are of grade 50 ksi, then what how would the yield moment (My) be calculated? Is it My = (36ksi)x(Section Modulu to bottom of flange) or is it My = (50ksi)x(Section Modulus to top of flange)?

Thank you for your responses. I agree that there must be some kind of limit on the bearing length that we can consider in the calculations. However, it seems there is no code guideline that clearly establishes the maximum allowable bearing length. It seems the way to deal with this issue is...

Hi, Is there a limit on the maximum bearing length (lb) for a steel beam on concrete or masonry support? I don't feel that we can have a very long bearing length and say that the stress is uniformly distributed over the entire bearing area. So, there must be something in the code to address this...