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Could you use a Schmidt Hammer? They are extremely easy to use and will give you in situ strength within 500 psi, if properly calibrated. 500 psi may seem like a lot, but a 100% increase in f'c will only increase moment capacity by 10% or so. In about half an hour you could get the strength at...

AASHTO says 90 psf for pedestrian bridges ASCE says 60 psf for walkways and elevated platforms ASCE says 40 psf for maintenance catwalks

How much does the column weight? OSHA requires columns to have (4) anchor rods for stability during erection. However, if the column weighs less than 300 lbs, OSHA defines the member as a post and (4) anchors aren't required.

Can't ignore it, but its fairly straight forward. See Section H1.1 in AISC (assuming that is your governing code). Depending on axial load in column, Eqns H1.1a or H1.1b will be used which have "strong" and "weak" axis bending. Since you have a square tube, the capacity in either direction is...

Taken directly from OSHA's website: Wire rope and/or cable as a method of perimeter protection for a building under construction. The use of wire ropes as top rails and intermediate rails of guardrail systems used for perimeter protection or for guardrails used on scaffolding meeting the...

Alex Tomanovich has developed dozens spreadsheets for different structural applications, including one for simple span monorails (see link below). This spreadsheet references AISC and CMAA No. 74 but doesn't do support sizing (but does provide reactions) and explicitly have the ability to...

If you don't want to consider the deck attachment, have you thought of plan bracing? We work in industrial/manufacturing facilities where 90% of the time we use grating (definitely not a diaphragm) for floors. We use angles or WTs (depending on forces) as plan bracing, typically 3" below...

Is this what you are trying to ask? You can use a L4x3 for a single leg connection. Shop weld the 3" leg to the girder and bolt the 4" leg.

Flexural-shear

You could calculate G and use sidesway uninhibited alignment chart. Conservatively ignore the braces and the strut.

Why do you have to use channels? AISC 360-10 Section F13.4 describes build up sections in flexure: Where two or more beams or channels are used side by side to form a flexural member, they shall be connected together in compliance with Section E6.2. Section E.6 describes built up sections...

Attached picture should explain it really well. This is taken from Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design by Wight and MacGregor. I always found ACI's wording a little confusing. ACI 318 sections 8.12.2 and .3 define the overhang so don't forget to add the width of the stem to determine...