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I'm familiar with the hinging effect. There's a hinging effect with the collapse of all columns. There's more to the theory than just the debris pile. All other things being equal, the most highly stressed structural element is the one that usually fails first.

You're welcome.

In part 17 on 12 Jun 22 at 17:15, you posted a gif using a slide from NIST, if I understood that correctly. Looking at that gif, it looks like the building is falling away by comparing the parapet of the penthouse with the facade of the eastern portion. You can also look at the machine room...

The ladder is just an indicator. The 4.2 million pounds of debris (4,200 kips) that didn't fall into its footprint is what needs to be explained. It shows how the building fell, which, in turn, can provide a clue as to which columns collapsed first. The main point is that, if KLM9.1 had...

I further theorize that the horizontal displacement of the section 2 debris from where it would have fallen due to gravity alone may indicate which columns on gridline 8 were the first to collapse. I overlayed the debris pile elevations on a Morabito plan of the roof area. The apex of the...

Please see the following illustration of a building in China that fell over. For illustration purposes, I am going to pretend that the foundation piles are "columns". It seems logical to me that if the "column" to the left marked by a red X collapsed first and the "column" to the right...

The WJE illustration shows 4 sections that collapsed in order from 1 to 4. I will ignore the pool deck for now. Please see the 2D NIST debris pile elevations. (I am also attaching a similar 3D diagram.) On the 2D diagram, the lowest elevations (i.e. the fallen pool deck) are dark red...

Comments of Jose "Pepe" Izquierdo Encarnación (former President of ACI) beginning at 30:39 of "Conclusion of Champlain Towers South NCST Investigation Progress and Next Steps" (talking about why the top reinforcement ended up with 2 inches of concrete cover instead of 0.75 inches): Can someone...

@Murph 9000 (Computer) Thanks for that. I was really struggling. I thought the parking space numbers were marked on the sides of the columns, but I found in the garage video that the odd numbers on that side were painted on the sides and the evens were painted on the face of the column (facing...

I think that is the collapse of the NW entrance ramp. A screenshot of what I believe was that video is placed next to an image of the parking spaces from the NIST presentation and shown below. The image from the video is from the vicinity of parking space 96 showing parking space 110 marked on...

I-95 collapse: Surveillance video captures tanker crash, fire in Northeast Philadelphia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCrjOWuZuog

With regard to the pool deck punching failure, WJE suggested that using a coefficient of 3 instead of 4 may be better when considering critical shear crack theory: I found an article titled "Addressing Punching Failure" that supports WJE's point. I am uploading...

@ TubboatEng: It gets more interesting. Attached is a report on dioxins obtained by the State of Indiana: https://www.in.gov/idem/files/report_10644640_SW8290FC_L4_R1_dfr.pdf Were these samples taken in the State of Indiana, roughly 250 miles away from East Palestine? If so, the results (pg...

@ JohnRBaker Let's start over. When I posted about the aluminum covers, I was thinking about the slices of swiss cheese theory of accidents. When the holes line up, an accident happens. Causation is not simple, but a combination of events. Previously, brakes, hot box detectors, the length...

Chasing the AP story down (https://apnews.com/article/ohio-train-derailment-russia-disinformation-twitter-musk-49af27699727d6f4157a5d6d5f35819b) they link to another AP story: https://apnews.com/article/little-rock-arkansas-business-plane-crashes-8ee32804f75f8a0054a2e77e9134f2e3. 5 employees...

Aluminum covers over pressure relief devices (PRDs)may have melted and affected their proper functioning. https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/NR20230302A.aspx ​Figure 2. Energetic pressure relief from a vinyl chloride tank car, East Palestine, Ohio, on Feb. 4. After releasing...

Here is the detail of the structure in front of KLM-9.1. It is from the original Breiterman drawing s5 of 14 with 1/17/80 revision titled "Lobby Level Framing Plan."

What happened to the structure in front of KLM-9.1 is a head scratcher. Here are some thoughts. The illustrations may not all fit in one comment, so I may have to post them in follow up comments. First of all, here is the detail for the step beam and "Beam A" (see Figure 1). Figure 1...

There are two typos in that document. First the depth of soil I used was 18 inches and not 16 inches. Second, column K-12.1 is actually K-11.1. My apologies. There is a possible explanation that would not cause noticeable debris in the garage. Suppose that column K-13.1 punched through but...

I wish I could have stated it so clearly. That is exactly the point.