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In extremly cold places (i.e. Artic) diesel specs call for a Cloud Point as low as -50 deg F (- 46 deg C) and lower.

Energy (heat) is what drives the vaporization in those instances. If you heat up water up at constant pressure up to its boiling temperature that will not be enough to vaporize the water. You still need an additional push, need to supply the heat of vaporization or latent heat to effect the...

Might want to contact Petro-Canada Products, as well. I suspect that a that kind of pressure you should not have much of a problem to keep a fluid (oil based) as a liquid. Here is a Web link, anyways, if you want to ask Petro-Canada: http://www.petro-canada.ca/eng/prodserv/specialtyfluids/6947.htm

In the U.S. this will vary a lot, depending on the state. A good U.S. average price is 4 US$ per 1000 cubic feet of natural gas (essentially methane). This is for industrial consumers.

If you want to play it safe, you could say that Flash Point of the blend equals Flash Point of the most volatile blend component. Conservative, but better than nothing. For petroleum products, might want to correlate Flash Point to T5% of each component. Then blend distillation curves (process...

If you are reforming natural gas, check to see you are not getting heavy hydrocarbons / liquids in the feed. You should probably be reforming methane and perhaps some ethane. How are your feed K.O. drums working? Use Gas Chromatography (GC) to determine the composition of your feed gas and...

I would add that you need to make sure you have heated up your system enough so that you are above the Minimum Pressurization Temperature for your system, before you start increasing the pressure. As our colleague above said, it is critical that you perform your pressurization in a stagewise...

"The Journal of Membrane Science" has published a lot on pervaporation issues. This is probably the best source I know on this subject. Simulating this kind of things can get as complex as you really want. I dont know any specifics on your particular system, but I guess you'll probably...

1 Kgf is the weight of an object that has a mass of 1Kg and is accelerated at 9.8 m/s2 (acceleration of gravity at 45 deg of latitude and sea level). Strictly speaking, a pressure transmister should be calibrated in "Kgf/cm2", not in "Kg/cm2". Pressure should always be...

I'd suggest that you take a look at past reports in your facility. Unfortunately, turn-arounds activities in Petro-Chemical plants or refineries, are often times ill-documented. You may want to try watching videos of equipment as it was inspected in past turnarounds (if these things are...