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You'll get turbulent gas flow at any economic velocity. You cannot reduce that without increasing pipe sizes to some uneconomic size. The usual problem caused by bends is UNEVEN gas flow DISTRIBUTION. For this you can buy gas straightening devices (turning vanes). However, you spoke of...

Temperature and pH have a precisely quantifiable effect on the partial pressure of CO2 above a caustic/sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate solution. The ratio of H2CO3, HCO3- and CO3= in solution are given by the pH and the carbonic acid first and second acid dissociation constants, themselves...

Thanks Yakpol! I tried it and it works like a charm. I'm embarrased to say how long I had spent searching through Excel's VBA online help and getting nowhere. Then I post my question here just before leaving work, and found the answer waiting for me the next day. I love this forum. PeterAB.

Representing acids by a simple proton H+ in the following chemical equation, sodium bicarbonate will buffer acids as follows: NaHCO3 + H+ = CO2 + H2O + Na+ In other words, yes, sodium bicarbonate can break down to CO2 (which gases off) in the presence of other acids, and by so doing it...

For acid dew point calculations, check Thread798-97414. It will point you to an acid dew point calculator at www.hrsgdesign.com/design0.htm . Presumably you want to line the stack from the point where the gas could cool below the acid dew point, and have some kind of drip ring to catch what...

Is it possible to refer to a range of cells using index numbers, rather than using A1 notation? I want to write a generic cell-range copy routine, that will copy variable-size ranges from some Cell(row A, column A) through to Cell(row B, column B), to a new location anchored at Cell(row C...

mariodupuis: Thanks for providing a fresh solution to the problem. Could you advise who supplies the dispersant, and how much you need to add? regards, Peter AB.

Dear Rob, have you asked your coolant supplier for suggestions on how best to recover your coolant? Could you dip your part in a solvent bath prior to welding? Cleaning the parts prior to welding will lower the concentration of particulates and vapors in the air ofcourse. That way you might...

Thanks to everyone who replied to my question about lime slurrying. Allow me to elaborate a little bit, in response to some of your questions. The lime is used in a flue gas desulfurization application. We're using hydrated lime - it has already been slaked. My understanding is that...

I am making up to a 40 wt% lime solution in water by auger feeding 5 tph hydrated lime into a simple mixing tank. The pumps that move the slurry are don't reach their design capacity because of lumps and air entrained in the solution. Can anyone advice me on the most cost-effective means of...

Davefitz: sorry that I'm not being more helpful, but your posting prompts me to ask another question: can anyone out there measure formaldehyde concentrations down to 91 ppb with any kind of repeatability? How!? It's news to me.

The quickest and simplest way to quench is with an air-atomized spray nozzle. See www.turbosonic.com Peter Brekelmans

A perforated plate in front of your fully expanded cross-section would be the fail safe method of obtaining a uniform flow distribution. A 50% open area perforated plate is commonly used, but for such a slow flow as here (300 fpm) I would be inclined to go to less open area (perhaps 25%) to...

Oil mists are not a subject to be taken likely, and I can see why it can provoke controversy. Apart from environmental concerns, keep in mind that oil mist can pose a health and safety hazard. On the health side, I've heard that breathing oil mist can coat the lungs, resulting in suffocation...

Distillgasm: Burning the recovered VOC's in fuel oil may be a cheap means of disposal. However, scrubbing with fuel oil has its own dangers, the most obvious being its flammability. Fuel oils generally have a significant vapor pressure, and therefore will add new VOC's to the gas being...

pbajaj: Reducing a mercaptan stream from 3000 to 3 or 4 ppmv is a tall order, especially since H2S makes up less than 50 ppmv out of the 3000. For this kind of efficiency, your best bet may be oxidation (say with RTO), followed by a wet scrubber to take out the resulting SO2 with a base. Peter.

If you have only hydrogen sulfide, then you should not need a hypo stage to scrub this. Two stage scrubbing (first caustic, then hypo) generally is used when there are more reduced sulfur compounds present than just hydrogen sulfide. The mix of reduced sulfur compounds commonly detected...

Hi GACOSUChe, Your safest bet is a wet scrubber. I work for TurboSonic and we have installations treating particulate from corn milling. I never post my email address to prevent spammers from picking it up, but please check us out at www.turbosonic.com Peter.

Saumian Consider routing the tank vent to a spray scrubber to clean the air that is displaced by the incoming liquid. Ammonia vapours are effectively scrubbed with a dilute acid solution (e.g. sulfuric acid). PeterAB.

Profaic: since these fumes are typically very small, the venturi may need a considerable pressure drop to do the job. If the loading is high, the venturi could still be an acceptable choice to take the first cut. For low-energy polishing of very fine particulate, consider a wet electrostatic...