Meaning of "reinforcement"

[ElCidCampeador]

Very stupid question: in ASME VIII Div.1, what is the real meaning of "reinforcement" for opening in pressure vessel? Does it mean pads or include also nozzles, for example pipes?
In UG-36(3) it's written "the centerline of an unreinforced opening". Does it mean a simply hole or include also the nozzle? thanks

 

[david339933]

See UG-36(c)(1).

 

[ElCidCampeador]

Not clear yet, sorry

 

[david339933]

Okay,

UG(36)(c)(3) states "the centerline of an unreinforced opening as defined in (-a) and (-b)..."
(-a) states "...with a finished opening not larger than..."
-(b) states "threaded, studded, or expanded connections in which the hole cut in the shell or head is not greater than 2-3/8" Diameter"

(-b) is straight forward....hole cut.
(-a) refers to a finished opening....a finished opening is explained in UG-36(c)(1) and defined in UG-37 as d.

At least I think this is what you are asking.

 

[prex]

The required reinforcement area is the area needed to compensate for the nozzle hole cut in vessel wall.
The available reinforcement area is any metal area available for compensation per UG-37 rules: may be in vessel wall, in nozzle wall, in welds, in a reinforcing element (generally called a reinforcement pad).
UG-37 is quite clear and simple on the point.
Unreinforced openings per UG-36(c)(3) are those openings that, by code rules, do not require to check the available reinforcement against the required one; in other words it may be said that their required reinforcement is zero.

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[GenB]

El Sid. Hombre. Way off track. You mention pad.
After you run out of extra metal for reinforcing/compensation in shell, nozzle, pipe, couplings, weld metal, then you move to pads.