Safety factor for industrial activity load (E2) by Eurocode 1

[ITV]

Dear Sir/Madam,
In an industrial building, there is a floor of pallet racket systems and forklifts (FL3 type).
The UDL load that i was told to take in the analysis is 60kN/m2.

Question:
What safety factor is applied to this load by Eurocode? I couldn't find for "Industrial use (E2)".
Of course i know that forkifts have a safety factor due to acceleration/braking.
But for the pallet loads?​

(image attached)

https://files.engineering.com/getfi...-695d927638cd&file=SelectivePalletRacking.png

 

[ThomasH]

If I understand your question correct your load is not defined in the Eurocode?

If "UDL" is Uniform Dead Load I would consider it a "Permanent Load" and use the applicable load combinations accordingly. But I would also consider the possibility that if the load is "Favorable" perhaps the load factor should be reduced.

 

[HTURKAK]

Some questions;

- Is the UDL load ( 60kN/m2. ) pallet loads at ground level ?

- What is basis of rack column reactions (3,75-7,5-15 kN) ..? the same UDL load ( 60kN/m2. ) for racks ?

- Are the locations of racks frozen ?

I would choose for design loading rack column reactions and Forklift loading for the remaining area ..

..and consider one variable action with combination ( 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk)


..My opinion..






Not to know is bad;
not to wish to know is worse.

NIGERIAN PROVERB

 

[ITV]

@ThomasH
The real load of pallet and forklifts is known(see attached image of first post). But i can't find nowhere in Eurocode the safety factor that the load should be multiplied with.

@HTURKAK
-The UDL load is at ground level, above a conrete basement.(see image)
-Rack location is frozen
-60kN/m2 in the all the area except the rack foots, isn't a lot? Because 60*1,5=90kN/m2

 

[HTURKAK]

60kN/m2 is pretty high !!!

For general storage if not specified ; UDL = 2.4 kN/m2 per metre of storage height =2.4*5 =12 kN/m2 and Qk ( Concentrated
load ) 7 kN...

It will be better to determine project specific values..


Say my opinion...









Not to know is bad;
not to wish to know is worse.

NIGERIAN PROVERB

 

[ITV]

Forgive me, this is the correct section:
It is 10m, not 5 of free height. But i got the point.
What safety factor would you apply to these point loads ? They are pretty exact,(The racks will have a 1,1 safety factor in their design) But i can't find it anywhere on Eurocode.

Forklifts FL3 type also will be 4t and will carry 2t max.
But considering a 60kN/m2 *1,50 everywhere they can move its too much i think. Eurocode says for local checks for forklifts. Not the whole structure

 

[HTURKAK]

- Safety factor ? Factor of safety is used for Working stress design.


- EC uses combination factors and for strength design in your case would be ;

U = 1.35 G+ 1.5 Qk

- You are expected to multiply the UDL = 2,4*10=24 with 1.5 so design UDL for LL =24*1,5 =36 kN/m2








Not to know is bad;
not to wish to know is worse.

NIGERIAN PROVERB

 

[ThomasH]

Now I have checked the material you had attached better. And I think I misspoke in my first post.

The Eurocode has three basic load types used for design and load combinations, Permanent, Variable and Accidental loads. I would consider theload from the forklift as a variable load and I would consider the load from the pallet the same.

You mention the safety factors and you also mention safety factors in the context of breaking and acceleration. The values HTURKAK mentions, 1.35 and 1.5, are factors to be used for creating load combinations. They are usually not referred to as "Safety factors". I have heard "load coefficients" and some people say "gamma-factors" and there are probably options that I have not heard as well, but a safety factor is usually something else .

Also if there are load effects due to breaking or acceleration, they should be added before you use the load factors. The factor 1.5 shall increase the total load effect, the purpose is not to incude "unknown" effects due to breaking or other things.

 

[GeorgeTheCivilEngineer]

Controlled storage can have a lower partial factor for variable loads (from memory it's 1.2 instead of 1.5) but it also has a unity combination factor.

 

[ThomasH]

Controlled storage can have a lower partial factor for variable loads (from memory it's 1.2 instead of 1.5) but it also has a unity combination factor.

Are you sure that it in the Eurocode and not in a National Annex (or similar)? I can't find it, but I don't think it is unreasonable that the factors should be close to those for permanent load for a controlled storage.

 

[ITV]

Ι love you guys, really thank you!

 

[GeorgeTheCivilEngineer]

@ThomasH

Just dug out a calculation where I'd used 1.2 - it's from TR34. I'd not really thought about it's status as it does use Eurocode 2 terminology and approaches but it is actually its own standard.

Using vanilla Eurocode you could justify a partial factor of... 1.3? By separating gamma_Q into gamma_Sd & gamma_q, which would get you down to 1.5/1.15 = 1.3 partial factor. It's all just number juggling.

Storage area combination value of 1.0 is in Table A1.1 in BS EN 1990 but I'm sure you found that one.

 

[ThomasH]

Just dug out a calculation where I'd used 1.2 - it's from TR34. I'd not really thought about it's status as it does use Eurocode 2 terminology and approaches but it is actually its own standard.

I know there are several standards the use the Eurocode as a base. That's why I was qurious, Thank you for the info.

And, as you say, there are several factors in the Eurocode that can be adapted to different situations. I think that is one of the reasons why the Eurocode is used outside the EU area as well, it is intended to be adaptable.