You should use 60x60cm columns (to keep slenderness at about 140) and forget about any bracings (as @HTURKAK said - use cantilever columns system with pockets).
Also my recomendation is to separate staircase walls for lateral loadings. therefore you will not have eccentricity problems.
Anything...
I use 6*d for bearing length.
Just one of those rules of thumb you inherit from old timers.
Never did use cast-in sleeves though... how do you even grout those tiny gaps?
Something like this.
Only green verticals could be in compression and would therefore need to satisfy kL/r<200https://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=af54cbb1-f366-4dda-8fa6-45d232d8a4fa&file=IMG_20240804_131900.jpg
@Aesur
Cool reference for AWIP Onedeck...Though I see it requieres fastener every 8" which would be very hard sell on any project.
I guess some cross bracing would be much cheaper and less hassle than so many fasteners
This would be my choice.
"Large" wind loads on front and back would be taken by eaves struts and roof bracing in first and last bay.
"LTB" bracing would be done by purlins (and/or fly braces) not pictured on global model.
In this scenario cladding is not doing anything (we mostly use insulated...
When dealing with retrofitting of existing structures, some benefits can be gained.
Though so far I used it (with ideastatica) only when I was "in my mind" sure the structure is ok, and needed the numbers to prove it.
Wouldn expect much from the method though.
@kingnero,
What I implied is that noone will make a fuss or even bat an eye if you choose s355 over s235 welding-wise (at least on heavy/industrial projects I work on)
Heck, as Gforce one also said, its even hard to find some profiles in s235...most vendors will substitute you s355 for the...
Kingnero,
It is quite general statement. Doubt anyone would let me use s355 if preheat was neccessary for 12mm elements.
Preheat woes (also quite generaly..just a structural engineer...have IWE guys in house) start at about 30mm :)
Cant blame them. In a way not much has changed over the years.
The word for burglar in ancient greece being "wall digger" because of shoddy mud outer walls.
Seems I am also using 4*t in one-off situations.
https://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=257f1af7-5956-421c-a4ba-9fd9d98ba24c&file=effect.jpg