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CMTR's from China tend to be works of fiction. There is a good reason that that batch of plate is cheap!

"And uneconomic." Yep - - high probability of a BOOM! Please have 'genius' client email his insurance provider; HELL NO is easier to read than to listen to on the phone.

Most Demonstration vessels are made from big-bore pipe [seamed or seamless] and SA105 fittings, including Pipe Caps for heads. Call it a Blowdown Drum, and call the contents "mixed hydrocarbons" or something else innocuous. Do not designate contents as acetylene; that requires 'moss' filler to...

You will find the tables for c/s in Section IIA. You need to look the common materials up ASAP. The shops all have Sect. II books, and the tables don't change [since 1999]. Just ask to look at an old one.

Have you ever watched a vessel being handled? The probability of the entire weight of that vessel ending up being supported by one trunnion is not trivial. It is a very real possibility. Assuming a good fitter/welder, the extra time/cost of full-penn [vs, whst you detailed] is trivial. Poor...

". . .weld the trunnion to the shell with whatever weld size is required. Normally it's full pen thru the trunnion wall and a fillet."- Exactly - Full-Penn the trunnion, then lower the repad and weld it into the OD trunnion weld. Look at the repad detail dwgs for API 650 nozzle repads.

What does the U-1 for your vessel say? [probably SA192/193 B7 studs & 2H nuts]

With such a huge clearance in the holes, you will need to detail oversize washers for this mess. The holes are 0.75" OS, I would use the largest size [ 3" x 3"?] washer that will fit the ring, and probably 3/4" thick.

This is a Code-stamped pressure vessel. Period. The MAWP & MAWT are plainly stamped on the plate. Period. Your speculations about the flanges are meaningless. If you really feel the need to reverse-engineer this Code vessel, you will need the U-1, the design calc's, and the design...

". . . and, say, how far away from NY is NJ, anyway?" an amazingly long distance, in intangibles [such as PE standards]. Physically, the Geo Washington bridge regularly takes over one hour to cross, driving as fast as possible.

What Steve said. Quick Closures are a 'catalog item', and the manufacturer has already done the engineering for you. - ASSuming you buy from a reputable mfr.

Not common to strip a vessel of it's insulation just to take a few thickness measurements - you cut 2-inch ports and measure there. Try hiring a certified API Inspector with 510 & 653 cert's. What is being discussed [and agonized over] is a typical day in the tank farm for an API. Tank or...

"T-joints' are junctions between longitudinal seams & circumferential seams. Under 'Spot' RT UW-52, they are a mandatory location for testing.

Repads are pretty common for big-bore pipe supports on thin - 1/4" , 5/16" - tank walls. A liquid-filled 6NPS or 10NPS line is a substantial load, so spreading it out onto the tank shell is needed.

Is it permissible to flame-cut new material? Yes Does flame-cut material require any special restrictions that mechanically sheared material does not? Not really; just grid to shiny metal prior to welding. If you trim off the weld plus the HAZ [HAZ will be < 0.1mm], do you think that the...

Gotta love watching someone reinventing the wheel. IMHO, O'Lets are the best for Branch Connections. These are designed & tested for this use; as opposed to guessing what plumbing item can be cut up and forced to serve as a boiler & pressure vessel item...

Major Quibble; pressure is External, and up to 14.7 psi. Not a trivial item.

And what is the accuracy of the machining of these 'dogbones'? If they have been cut by hand, vs. machined to +/- 0.002", have a laugh & a large adult beverage.

In inches; 2" x 2" x 3/16" angle iron, installed "Leg out & Leg Down". Further, use these tray rings as vacuum stays in the vessel calculations. You will find that a Full Vacuum rating is available.

Some 'genius' has redefined the API standard 3-ft/0.9m length of the gauge board to 2.5m. Hope the tank crew is aware that their work will have to be 3x as plumb and 3x as round & smooth as the industry standard.