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the contractor should have a confined space entry procedure for working inside the pipe ,it is done all the time .

send me the horizontal angle (from above )grade in % (pos or neg)to the bend and grad out % (pos or neg)from the bend and i will send you the true angle and roll ,i have a program ,i can also give you the max cut to make this bend and templet layout ,i have looked high and low but havent found...

you must calculate the true angle (*)useing the grade in (A)grade out (B)and horizontal angle (C). cos*=cos A cos B cos C +(if grade in and grade out has one above horizon and one below horizon)-(if both above or both below horizon ,example grade in -5%grade out +8% or grade in +5% grade...

the manhole will have to have a locking lid ,i have used bolt down casting,if frost heave or flotation is a concern strap the manhole recast vertical sections together.

If the pipe line is vented and there is a man at the end of the pipe to pull the welder and gas detetor back out of the pipe-it can be done .

sometimes the paint will have a small bubble or chip so yes use a file and wire brush on all flange faces before you bolt up ,its a good habbit and dosent take long.they dont have to be totaly cleaned down to the bare metal ,run your hand across the face and if its smooth to touch its good to go.

I was always told the minimum cut distance or between welds was the od of the pipe but I have only done large diam pipeline.

at one time a platform was required to make it easier for a man to climb in ,a resting point ,stageing area for tools and such and shorten the fall if he did so but now with the confined space requirements the platforms are considered an obsitcal for man retreval from the top .go figure have...

it is set by the turning radius of a fire truck ,call the local fire hall and they will tell you what they want ,they are the ones that set the radius requirements .

oh i see reatrained joint ,,no why ?the short concrete pipes dont have restrained joints so why restrain the steel to concrete??

you can use a rubber coupling with an adapter that when on the steel pipe matches the od of the conc pipe,its a poor method,very week joint,poor shear strength even if a shear band is used ,or use a construction joint (line them up and form the inside with plywood and pour concrete diaper...

its poor instalation ,take the top off ,pack the sides and the pipe springs back up.

yes some plumbing inspectors want to see if the line will hold water for an hr ,if it does they let you hook it up .house connections are a pain .

I used a HP calculater with a survey pac years agoe to calculate property line layouts for a proposed subdivision useing the minimum lot area requirements ,that way you can get as many lots as possible out of the subdivision.

a lot of legal survey companies have switched over to total station now and there are some great wild instruments out there that are set up to be used with a mini red (electronic measurement)with a good 2" or 5" transit and mini red a person can layout everything just as fast as a total station...

I am an estimator and the local engineers around here will call and ask for budget prices for the work,call a contractor and he will gladly give you any help in pricing things out or alternatives cost savings etc.make sure he is on the bidding list when the job comes to tender .