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Spain and Portugal power grid collapse

LittleInch

Petroleum
Mar 27, 2013
22,559
Widely reported, the Spanish and Portuguese electricity supply collapsed 28th April after it lost 15GW of supply (about half of its consumption) in 5 seconds. Not surprisingly the interconnected to France the European grid tripped and the grid collapsed.

This M is nearly un heard of and lights just how much we all rely on Grid power. Basically nothing worked. No mobile coverage, precious little Internet, no ATM or even if you had cash the tills didn't work. Trains stuck in tunnels or out in the middle of no where and traffic gridlock.

Some standby power, but limited and also limited in duration for hospitals, airports etc.

If there are some grid sparkies out there, please do some digging and see why this happened? No one so far as I can see can say why supposed high vibrations or fluctuations in the HVgrid caused such a dramatic loss of supply.

Seems to be slowly recovering today, but I can imagine bringing an entire country back on line is not straightforward.
This what the head of the Spamish Grid said. Anyone able to interpret this?

" Sánchez said that the power cut originated at 12.33pm, when, for five seconds, 15 gigawatts of the energy that was being produced – equivalent to 60% of all the energy that was being used – suddenly disappeared.

“That’s something that has never happened before,” he added. “What prompted this sudden disappearance of the supply is something that the experts still haven’t been able to determine. But they will … All potential causes are being analysed and no hypothesis or possibility is being ruled out.”

Sánchez thanked France and Morocco for sending additional electricity to Spain, and said the current shortfall would be eased using gas and hydroelectric power.

The Portuguese operator, REN, said the outage was caused by a “rare atmospheric phenomenon”, with extreme temperature variations in Spain causing “anomalous oscillations” in very high-voltage lines.


REN said the phenomenon, known as “induced atmospheric vibration”, caused “synchronisation failures between the electrical systems, leading to successive disturbances across the interconnected European network”. "
 
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REN said the phenomenon, known as “induced atmospheric vibration”, caused “synchronisation failures between the electrical systems, leading to successive disturbances across the interconnected European network”. "
I'm waiting for a "Space Laser" conspiracy to develop. grin
 
Well round me they are saying computer sabotage by you know who.

But that's likely linked to the de-sync from the Russian grid a couple of months ago. There will be political push to re synchronise again and finish the reactors in Kaliningrad
 
So what is "induced atmospheric vibration" and how does it cause loss of synchronism?
 
That means "We have no freeking clue".

Cyber attack has been ruled out by Red Electrica.

Out here we lost internet comms at around 1800 GMT. Don't know why it took so long to propagate.
 
On a side related issue. Barcelona airport kept on landing aircraft. The lights stayed on.

London Heathrow couldn't manage that when the transformer went bang.

From what I can see they had critical services backup in place, and it worked well.
 
They might have landed flights, but the passengers couldn't get through passport control or actually go anywhere once they landed.

That's why heathrow shut. Critical activites were protected, but the rsk of all the other services, fire systems etc etc not working was too high.
 
Apparently it wasn't that bad they could still pump beer in the terminal. Immigration could function if you had a form of travel document they didn't need to link into an external server.

This is from people who were subjected to both events.
 
This from a article linked below discussing black starting of Portugal and Spain's power grids, which have only two small external grid connections to France and Morocco.

"While the grids in Spain and Portugal are connected to each other, they have limited connections to elsewhere. The only sources of external power to the grid come from France and Morocco, which are small connections, but they could be used to help black start some plants. Both blacked-out countries have significant hydropower, with Spain seeing it cover 10 percent of its demand and Portugal 25 percent. That's useful because hydro plants need very little in the way of an external power supply to start operating.

Beyond that, both countries have invested heavily in renewables, with Portugal supplying about half of its power from wind and hydro, having closed its last coal plant in 2021. Spain receives about 40 percent of its power from renewables at present.

Solar is not an ideal power source for black-starting the grid, given that it's unavailable for a significant chunk of the day. "


Could it be that Spain and Portugal just don't have sufficient grid reserves to handle a sudden change in supply and demand? France's Nuclear world is not going to supply quick surge capacity, like fossil fuel plants can. Thus France has limited the connection to Spain to prevent Spain's grid failure from translating to France?
 
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Barcelona has a pretty big thermal generation plant over 800MW which is linked to steel production.

I bet none of the steel went off line.
 
Ali, is this the one you are referring to?

"The former thermal plant where the culture center will be sited was built in the 1970s, but closed in 2011. Its three chimneys are 650 feet tall, recognizable from far away, marking some of the tallest structures in the region."

 
https://theconversation.com/did-ind...rical-engineer-explains-the-phenomenon-255497

Oscillations are apparently not completely BS, or maybe that's part of the conspiracy as well.

Interesting statement in article. I pulled this somewhat out of context, in that article cites this rapid change as cause for vibrations in power lines. It also points out problem with relying solely on solar, wind and hydro power sources, without surge capacity. Weather is dynamic and so are loads on grid, and grid has to have peak loads capacity to ensure transmission frequencies are stable.

"What’s important is that it’s not just high temperatures alone that causes these effects — it’s how quickly and unevenly the temperature changes across a region."
 
the one I am thinking of was commissioned around 2010 I think. Possibly to replace that one.

Sorry to be geeky but we fly over it/to the right of it when we come into land on runways 24.
 
Is there any data logs of grid voltage and frequency?

I keep hitting security blocks when I try and get to that sort of data due to location.
 

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