Generally mild steel rolled sections will be ok providing they are straight. Be carefull of Cold Worked sections - cold working in effect turns mild steel into high tensile steel which can revert back to mild steel if it gets hot enough. The same can apply to some high tensile steel bolts -...
In the UK hot dipped galvanised crash barriers at the sides of roads and subject to de-icing salts last well in excess of 30 years generally. It is the ends of the sections and bolt holes (particularly at expansion joints) which show signs of rusting first.
In the UK with our cements we get about 2/3 of the 28 day (or full) concrete design strength after 7 days so I would consider it ok to start erecting the framing. It would be unusual to get anything like the full load on an ordinary building structure untill well after 28 days from pouring...
No - the + sign indicates that the section is not one of the British standard sections.
The # sign indicates a British standard section which is not rolled very often and availability may be difficult.
It might be a UK Universal beam section. A 914*419*343 kg/m Ub section is 911.4mm deep, 418.5mm wide, flange 32.0mm web 19.4mm root fillet radius 24.1mm flange taper 3 degrees aprox
I am an English and have been offered the chance to design a factory unit and mechanical plant for Checkoslovacia. I am toild that the authorites will accept a design to UK codes of practice. Can anyone guide me as to what snow & wind loads to use? Also what would the minimum foundation depth be...
If you are going to backfill a pond be wary of the mud and silt at the bottom. If you are just going to grass over then no problem but if you intended to put a building on top then dig out the soft mud etc before backfilling with stone otherwise you will get settlement problems. If the pond is...
My loft has got glass fibre insulating quilt - wear a disposable overall and a face mask - glass fibres can irritate your skin. Be carefull how you fix the boards down to the ceiling tie - you may be nailing blind and splitting the timbers - avoid nailing in close proximity to the gang-nail...
You need to back check all your old designs including the forces you have ommitted. Some may be ok, some overstressed ( but still ok) and some (hopefully not many) grossly overstressed and dangerous. If the latter then under your duty of care you will have to inform the owners of the structures...
Sorry to disagree with Qshaker but going back to the design is the first thing to be done. When I design steel structures I always rationalise holding down bolt sizes - I only use 1 diameter and length of holding down bolt on a contract - and rationalise baseplate sizes to mimimise the numbers...
In my area of Great Britain the design roof snow load has been reduced from 15 psf to 12 psf which matches the general trend throughout Europe as far as I know.
I would be very dubious of any Building Code which nearly doubled the design roof snow load from 40 psf to 70 psf...